Planetary Volcanism across the Solar System (Volume 1) (Comparative Planetology, Volume 1)

✍ Scribed by Tracy K. P. Gregg (editor), Rosaly M. Lopes (editor), Sarah A. Fagents (editor)

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 358
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Planetary Volcanism across the Solar System compares and contrasts the vast array of planetary bodies in the Solar System, including Earth. The wealth of spacecraft data for almost all major solid-surface bodies in the Solar System indicate that volcanism has been a dominant mechanism in shaping the landscapes of these bodies. The book addresses key questions surrounding our understanding of planetary volcanism, such as how to integrate the data into a coherent view of how volcanic activity arises, how this mechanism shapes planets, which volcanic landforms are ubiquitous throughout the Solar System, and which are unique.

By placing a singular emphasis on comparing volcanic processes and landforms on all relevant Solar System bodies, and with the explicit objective of providing a systems-level understanding of this widespread phenomenon, users will find an up-to-date, accessible and comprehensive discussion of the major volcanic processes and landforms that shape and drive the evolution of planets, moons and smaller bodies.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover
Planetary Volcanism across the Solar System
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
About the editors
Chapter 1: Volcanism in the Solar System
Reference
Chapter 2: Effusive silicate volcanism: Observations and processes
Overview
Introduction to silicate effusive volcanic processes and landforms
Planetary basalt compositions
Morphology of silicate volcanic features
Smooth plains and lava flows
Lava flows on Mercury
Lava flows on Venus
Lava flows on the Moon
Lava flows on Mars
Lava flows on Io
Comparison with widespread effusive volcanism on Earth
Shield volcanoes
Shield volcanoes on Earth
Shield volcanoes on Venus
Shield volcanoes on Mars
Rilles and volcanic channels
Channels on Mercury
Channels on Venus
Channels on Earth
Channels on the Moon
Channels on Mars
Channels on Io
Volcanism on Vesta
Volcanic outgassing from effusive eruptions
Effects on airless bodies
Effects on bodies with atmospheres
Planetary calderas
Calderas on Earth
Calderas on Mars
Calderas on Venus
Calderas on Io
Extensional volcanic landscapes
Volcano stability
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Planetary volcanism: Craters, lava flows, fissures, and insights into their formation from observations of the
Introduction
Hawai`i as a planetary analog
Chronology of the 2018 Kīlauea eruptions
Caldera collapse
Lava lakes
Lava channels
Fissure chronology
Collapse pits
Vents
Flows in the ocean
Synthesis
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: Explosive volcanism: Observations and processes
Overview
Explosive volcanic processes on bodies lacking an atmosphere: Theory
Explosive volcanism on bodies lacking an atmosphere: Observations
Io
The Moon
Mercury
Differentiated asteroids
Explosive volcanic processes in the presence of an atmosphere: Theory
Explosive volcanism in an atmosphere: Observations
Earth
Venus
Mars
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter 5: Cryovolcanism
Introduction
Cryomagma production
Generation of interior oceans
Formation of liquid bodies within the ice shell
Cryomagma compositions and properties
Cryomagma eruption mechanisms
Overcoming negative buoyancy
Formation of eruptive conduits
Fractures propagating downward from the surface
Fractures propagating upward from the ice-ocean interface
Fractures initiating within the ice shell
Presence of gas clathrate hydrates
Solid-state convection and diapirism
Manifestation of cryovolcanism in the outer Solar System
Explosive cryovolcanism: Active plumes and cryoclastic deposits
Enceladus
Europa
Triton
Ceres
Effusive cryovolcanism
Smooth plains
Lobate or flow-like features
Dome features
Linear features
Major constructional landforms
Depressions, pits, and caldera-like features
Summary and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6: The origin of magma on planetary bodies
Introduction
What is magma?
The origin of magma: Changes in P, T, and X
Decompression, -DeltaP
Temperature increase, +DeltaT
Advection of hot material
Crustal burial and thickening
Electrical melting
Decay of radioactive isotopes
Mechanical work of shearing
Core formation
Tidal heating
Impact melting
Accretionary heating
Magma oceans
Addition of a fluid flux +DeltaXfluid
Factors controlling partial melt compositions
Pressure and temperature
Melt fraction
Composition
Movement and accumulation of magma
Magma diversification
Fractional crystallization
Partial melting of planetary crusts: Production of tertiary crust
Partial melting of dry basaltic crust
Partial melting of wet basaltic crust
Partial melting of feldspar-rich crust
Melt composition
Movement and extraction
Mechanisms of crustal melting
Assimilation of crust
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Ages of planetary surfaces
Overview
Absolute dating techniques
Relative dating
Impact craters as clocks
Mercury
Venus
Moon
Mars
Galilean satellites: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
Summary
References
Chapter 8: Composition of planetary crusts and planetary differentiation
Introduction
Nature of planetary crusts
Primary crusts of the terrestrial planets, the Moon, and Vesta
The lunar highland crust
The early crust of Mercury
Dawn, HED meteorites, and the crust of 4 Vesta
The early Martian crust
Primary crusts on Earth and Venus
Secondary crusts throughout the inner Solar System
Tertiary crust on Earth and beyond(?)
Impact erosion and early planetary crustal evolution
Planetary crustal composition models
Crustal growth rates
Scale and timing of planetary silicate differentiation
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Volcanism in the Solar System: Review, synthesis, and some outstanding questions
Exploring planets
Silicate volcanism
Cryovolcanism
Closing remarks
References
Index
Back Cover