𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Planetary growth with collisional fragmentation and gas drag

✍ Scribed by Hiroshi Kobayashi; Hidekazu Tanaka; Alexander V. Krivov; Satoshi Inaba


Book ID
103830678
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2010
Tongue
English
Weight
739 KB
Volume
209
Category
Article
ISSN
0019-1035

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis


As planetary embryos grow, gravitational stirring of planetesimals by embryos strongly enhances random velocities of planetesimals and makes collisions between planetesimals destructive. The resulting fragments are ground down by successive collisions. Eventually the smallest fragments are removed by the inward drift due to gas drag. Therefore, the collisional disruption depletes the planetesimal disk and inhibits embryo growth. We provide analytical formulae for the final masses of planetary embryos, taking into account planetesimal depletion due to collisional disruption. Furthermore, we perform the statistical simulations for embryo growth (which excellently reproduce results of direct N-body simulations if disruption is neglected). These analytical formulae are consistent with the outcome of our statistical simulations. Our results indicate that the final embryo mass at several AU in the minimum-mass solar nebula can reach about $0.1 Earth mass within 10 7 years. This brings another difficulty in formation of gas giant planets, which requires cores with $10 Earth masses for gas accretion. However, if the nebular disk is 10 times more massive than the minimum-mass solar nebula and the initial planetesimal size is larger than 100 km, as suggested by some models of planetesimal formation, the final embryo mass reaches about 10 Earth masses at 3-4 AU. The enhancement of embryos' collisional cross sections by their atmosphere could further increase their final mass to form gas giant planets at 5-10 AU in the Solar System.


πŸ“œ SIMILAR VOLUMES


Nebular Gas Drag and Planetary Accretion
✍ David M. Kary; Jack J. Lissauer; Yuval Greenzweig πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1993 πŸ› Elsevier Science 🌐 English βš– 852 KB
Gas Drag on a Rotating Body with Gravity
✍ Takeda, H.; Nakagawa, Y. πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 2000 πŸ› Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 🌐 English βš– 855 KB
Fragmentation of Collisionally Activated
✍ Flechtner, Thomas W.; Winnik, Bozena; Winnik, Witold; Tevesz, Michael J. S. πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1996 πŸ› John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English βš– 472 KB πŸ‘ 1 views

## Low -energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of U-deprotonated 2-, 4-and 5-methylresorcinol in the gas phase largely causes fragmentation to form ions analogous to those observed in the CAD spectrum of resorcinol. The anions of the three isomers decompose in processes initiated by the