Physical agents : theory and practice

✍ Scribed by Susan L. Michlovitz; Barbara J. Behrens

• Publisher: F.A. Davis Co.
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 473
• Edition: 3 ed.
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Inside Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Reviewers
Preface For the Third Edition: To the Student
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Section 1 The Concept ofAdjunctive Therapies1
Chapter 1 Evidence-Based Practice With Physical Agents
Defining Evidence-Based Practice
Arguments for Using Evidence-Based Practice
The Five-Step Process for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
Sources of Evidence
Evidence in Action
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 2 Tissue Response to Injury
Definitions
Pain Assessment
Pain Perception
Pain Theories
Clinical Versus Experimental Pain
Pain Management
Tissue Repair
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 3 Patient Responses to Therapeutic Interventions
Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention
Skin (Integument) Assessment
Pain Assessment
Edema Assessment
Soft Tissue Assessment
Range-of-Motion (ROM) Assessment
Muscle Strength Assessments
Summary
Review Questions
Appendix: Pain Assessment Tool Kit
Section 2 Thermal and Mechanical Agents
Chapter 4 Therapeutic Heat and Cold
Temperature Regulation
Physical Mechanisms of Heat Exchange
Therapeutic Heat
Methods of Heat Application
Cryotherapy
Documentation
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 5 Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonophoresis
Physical Principles
Safety Considerations and Precautions in Applying Ultrasound
Observation and Documentation of Ultrasound Treatment
Care of Therapeutic Ultrasound Equipment
Therapeutic Equipment
Intensity and Power of Ultrasound
Principles of Therapeutic Application
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 6 Aquatics and Hydrotherapy
Whirlpools Versus Aquatic Pools
Physical Principles and Properties of Water
Water Temperature
Aquatic Therapy Equipment
Therapeutic Aquatic Pools
Hydrotherapy Techniques
Patient Safety
Aquatic Therapy Documentation and Billing
Hydrotherapy for Wound Care
Turbines
Facilitation of Healing
Clinical Use of Hydrotherapy Techniques
Hydrotherapy for Wound Care Documentation and Billing
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 7 Soft Tissue Treatment Techniques: Traction
Principles of Therapeutic Application
Theory of Application
Cervical Traction
Lumbar Traction
Clinical Uses and Safety Considerations for Traction
Documentation
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 8 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Compression and Edema Management
Pathophysiology of Edema
Types of Edema
Management of Edema
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 9 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Massage
Defining Soft Tissue Massage
Historical Perspectives
Common Approaches Used in Physical Therapy
Clinical Considerations
Starting to Palpate
Effects of Massage
Indications, Contraindications, and Precautions
Soft Tissue Massage Techniques
Documentation and Billing
Clinical Decision-Making
Review Questions Summary
Chapter 10 Electromagnetic Radiation: Diathermy, Ultraviolet, and Laser
EM Radiation
Light as a Therapeutic Modality
Ultraviolet
Laser
Therapeutic Uses of Light
Summary
Review Questions
Section 3 Electrical Stimulationfor TherapeuticTreatment Goals
Chapter 11 Foundations of Electrical Stimulation and Iontophoresis
Application of Electrical Stimulation
Therapeutic Treatment Goals
Characteristics of Electricity
Characteristics of Current Flow
Stimulator Outputs
Current Classification
Delivery of Electrical Stimulation
Integumentary System: Our Skin
Transcutaneous Transport
Instrumentation and Application of Iontophoresis
Experimental and Clinical Iontophoresis of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Reported Adverse Responses From Iontophoresis
Use of Electrical Stimulation
The Treatment
Clinical Decision-Making
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 12 Electrodes and Lead Wires: Material and Care
Types of Electrodes
Transcutaneous and Percutaneous Electrodes
Terminology for Configurations of Electrode Setups
Care of Electrodes
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 13 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation*
Identifying Appropriate Patients
Therapeutic Current Characteristics
General Guidelines for Clinical Applications
Specific Clinical Applications
Management of Muscle Guarding and Spasticity
Safety Considerations
Patient Education
Clinical Decision-Making
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 14 Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair
Cascade of Injury Repair: How Do Wounds Heal?
Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair: What Are the Findings?
Does Electrical Stimulation Work?
Does Polarity Matter?
Electrode Placement: Which Protocol Is Best?
Indications
Contraindications and Precautions
Adverse Site Responses
Treatment Considerations
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 15 Pain Management With Electrical Stimulation
Physiology Review
Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Paresthesia
Endogenous Opiate Liberation
Other Considerations
Potential Treatments and How to Achieve Success
General Principles of Pain Management
Treatment Methods
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Home Use
Documentation
Summary
Review Questions
Appendix: Optimal Stimulation Sites for TENS Electrodes
Chapter 16 Interferential Current Therapy in Clinical Practice
Theory Behind Interferential Current Therapy
Setting the Difference
Electrode Placement
The “Third Line” of Current
Premodulation and Interferential Current Therapy
Modulation with IFC
Summary
Review Questions
Section 4 Comprehensive Approach to Treatment
Chapter 17 Integration of Physical Agents: Clinical Decision-Making
U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Evidence-Based Practice
Therapeutic Treatment Goals: Is a Physical Agent Appropriate?
Available Treatment Time
Acuity of the Injury
Medical Stability of the Patient
Available Physical Agents
Integration Principles for Physical Agents: What to Choose?
What Does the Rest of the Plan of Care Include?
Putting It All Together: The Decisions and the Evidence
Documentation
Summary
Index