Photoluminescent properties of host-guest compounds based on ion-exchangeable layered oxides were studiled. CszTi,05, K,Nb60,,, and KNb,Os showed blue luminescence around 420-450 nm, whereas the luminescence of KTiNbO,, CsTi,Nb07, KZTi409, Cs2TiS011, and Cs,Ti,O,, was observed around 500 nm. These results indicate that the two-dimensional sheets of titanate and niobate hosts were photoactive. The coordination state in layered structttres is an important factor for the luminescent properties. The emission spectrum of KTiNbOS was red-shifted by replacing Kt between the TiNbO; layers by H+, showing that the energy structure of the host materials was changed by the guest intercalated between the layers. On the other hand. for layered perovskite oxides (K,La,Ti,O,, and KLaNb,O,) doped with rare earth ions in the perovskite layers, the luminescence of the guest rare earth ions doped was observed by photoexciting the host layered oxides. The host luminescence of the Pr3'-, Eu3'-, and Tb"'-doped layered perovskite oxides was completely quenched, suggesting the importance of redox properties. Tb3' intercalated in the interlayers of Cs,Ti,O,, also showed the luminescence with the host excitation. These results indicate that the excitation energy formed by exciting the host layered oxides migrates in the two-dimensional oxide layers and is trapped by the guest rare earth ions doped in the oxide layer and intercalated in the interlayer, resulting in the luminescence.