Photoelectrochemical materials and energy conversion processes

✍ Scribed by R C Alkire; et al

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 375
• Series: Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering, v. 12
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

An international group of leading scientists from the field has contributed to the 12th volume in this series, covering a range of different types of solar cells and including a critical comparison of the different techniques available for manufacturing the semiconductors needed. The result is an expert insight the central questions surrounding photovoltaic materials and systems, reflecting the latest developments in this hot and timely green topic.  Read more... Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin-Film Solar Cells / Phillip Dale, Laurence Peter -- Tailoring of Interfaces for the Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Solar Energy / Hans Joachim Lewerenz -- Printable Materials and Technologies for Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Cells with Flexible Substrates / Tsutomu Miyasaka -- Electrodeposited Porous ZnO Sensitized by Organic Dyes -- Promising Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Potential Application in Large-Scale Photovoltaics / Derck Schlettwein, Tsukasa Yoshida, Daniel Lincot -- Thin-Film Semiconductors Deposited in Nanometric Scales by Electrochemical and Wet Chemical Methods for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Applications / Oumarou Savadogo

✦ Table of Contents

Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
List of Contributors......Page 15
1.1 Introduction......Page 17
1.2.1 Basic Cell Configurations......Page 19
1.2.2 Material Requirements for PV Applications......Page 20
1.2.2.1 Implications of Materials Requirements for the Direct Synthesis of Absorber Layers by Electrodeposition......Page 21
1.2.2.2 Synthetic Routes Involving Deposition and Annealing (EDA)......Page 23
1.2.2.3 Summary of EDA Routes......Page 27
1.2.3.1 Electrodeposition of CdTe for CdS|CdTe Solar Cells......Page 29
1.2.3.2 Electrodeposition of CIGS for CIGS|CdS|ZnO Solar Cells......Page 35
1.2.3.3 CZTS......Page 46
1.2.4 Future......Page 55
1.3.1 Overview......Page 56
1.3.2 The Semiconductor–Electrolyte Junction......Page 57
1.3.3 Photovoltammetry......Page 58
1.3.4 External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) Spectra......Page 59
1.3.5 Electrolyte Electroreflectance/Absorbance: EER/EEA......Page 66
1.4 Conclusions......Page 70
References......Page 71
2.1 Introduction......Page 77
2.2.1.1 Dark Current and Photocurrent......Page 78
2.2.1.2 Excess Minority Carrier Profiles......Page 81
2.2.1.3 Quasi-Fermi Levels......Page 85
2.2.2 Photovoltages and Stability Criteria......Page 87
2.2.3.1 Photovoltaic Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells......Page 93
2.2.3.2 Photoelectrocatalytic Systems......Page 94
2.2.4 Separation of Charge Transfer and Surface Recombination Rate......Page 97
2.3 Surface and Interface Analysis Methods......Page 99
2.3.1 In Situ Methods: I. Brewster Angle Analysis......Page 100
2.3.2 In Situ Methods: II. Stationary Microwave Reflectivity......Page 103
2.3.3.1 Selected X-ray Surface/Interface Analysis Methods......Page 106
2.3.3.2 In-System Synchrotron Radiation Photoelectron Spectroscopy......Page 110
2.3.4 Tapping-Mode AFM and Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy......Page 115
2.3.4.1 Tapping-Mode AFM......Page 116
2.3.4.2 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy......Page 117
2.4 Case Studies: Interface Conditioning......Page 120
2.4.1.1 Nanostructures by Divalent Dissolution......Page 123
2.4.1.2 Step Bunched Surfaces......Page 127
2.4.1.3 Oxide-Related Nanotopographies......Page 137
2.4.2 Indium Phosphide......Page 146
2.4.2.1 The InP(111) A-face......Page 147
2.4.2.2 The In-Rich InP(100) (2×4) Surface......Page 152
2.4.3 Copper Indium Dichalcogenides......Page 153
2.4.3.1 CuInSe2......Page 154
2.4.3.2 CuInS2......Page 156
2.5 Photovoltaic, Photoelectrochemical Devices......Page 159
2.5.1 Ternary Chalcopyrites......Page 161
2.5.2 InP Solar Cells......Page 162
2.5.3.1 Device Development......Page 163
2.5.3.2 Surface Chemical Analysis of the Electrodeposition Process......Page 170
2.6.1 Nanoemitter Structures with p-Si......Page 178
2.6.2.1 Basic Considerations......Page 181
2.6.2.2 Device Preparation and Properties......Page 182
2.7.1 Summary......Page 186
2.7.2 Reflections on Future Development Routes......Page 187
Appendix 2.B......Page 188
References......Page 189
3.1 Introduction: Historical Background......Page 199
3.2 Low-Temperature Coating of Semiconductor Films......Page 200
3.3 Photoelectric Performance of Plastic Dye-Sensitized Photocells......Page 202
3.4 Polymer-Based Counter Electrodes with Printable Materials......Page 206
3.5 Investigation of High-Extinction Sensitizers and Co-adsorbents......Page 213
3.6 Durability Development for Plastic DSSCs......Page 224
3.7 Fabrication of Large-Area Plastic DSSC Modules......Page 228
References......Page 234
4.1 Introduction......Page 237
4.2 Electrodeposition–A Well-Established Technology......Page 241
4.3 Electrodeposition of ZnO Thin Films......Page 242
4.4 Sensitization of ZnO......Page 243
4.5 Alternative Sensitizer Molecules......Page 244
4.5.1 Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Alternative Metal Complexes......Page 246
4.5.1.1 Frontier Orbital Positions......Page 247
4.5.1.2 Photosensitization by Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines......Page 251
4.6 Electrodeposition of Hybrid ZnO/Organic Thin Films......Page 260
4.7 Porous Crystalline Networks of ZnO as Starting Material for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells......Page 265
4.8.1 Plastic Solar Cells......Page 268
4.8.2 Textile-Based Solar Cells......Page 269
4.9 State of the Art and Outlook......Page 272
References......Page 275
5.1 Introduction......Page 293
5.2.1.1 Chemical Bath Deposition......Page 295
5.2.1.2 Electrodeposition......Page 305
5.2.1.3 Sol–Gel Method......Page 311
5.2.1.4 Other Wet Methods......Page 315
5.2.2.1 Preparation by Chemical Deposition......Page 323
5.2.2.2 Preparation by Electrochemical Deposition......Page 341
5.2.2.3 Preparation by the Sol–Gel Method......Page 345
5.2.2.4 Thin Films Deposited with Heteropolycompounds......Page 346
5.3.1 State-of-the-Art Thin-Film Solar Technology using Chemical, Electrochemical, and/or Sol–Gel Fabrication Methods......Page 352
5.3.2 Toxicity and Sustainability Issues......Page 354
5.4 Conclusions and Perspectives......Page 355
References......Page 356
Index......Page 367