Photodegradation and phototoxicity studies of furosemide. Involvement of singlet oxygen in the photoinduced hemolysis and lipid peroxidation
✍ Scribed by Franklin Vargas; Ingert Martinez Volkmar; Julio Sequera; Hisbeth Mendez; Jenny Rojas; German Fraile; Mait Velasquez; Rafael Medina
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1998
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 683 KB
- Volume
- 42
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1011-1344
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✦ Synopsis
The phototoxic diuretic drug furosemide (l), a 54 aminosulflmyl }-4-chloro-2-[ (2-furanylmethyl)-amino] benzoic acid is photolabile under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Irradiation of a methanol solution of 1 under oxygen produces phomproducts 2, 3, 4 and singlel oxygen, while under argon the photoproducts 2 and 4 were isolated. A pemxidic unstable photoproduct was detected during the photolysis under oxygen atmosphere. The fl)rmation of smglet oxygen by photolysis of 1 was evidenced by trapping with 2,5-dimethylfuran ( GC-mass ), fuffuryl alcohol and 1,3-cyclohexadiene-l,4-diethanoate (HPLC) as ~()e scavengers and by the histidine test. Furosemide was screened in vitro at difli~rent concentrations lk~r UV-Vis-induced phototoxic effects in a photohemolysis test, in the presence and absence of different radical scavengers, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical quenchers. However, fu,osemide photosensitized the peroxidation of linoleic acid, as monitored by the UV-detection of dienic hydroperoxides and it also photosensitized the oxidation of histidine. The photodegradation was catalyzed in the presence of human serum albumin. Studies on peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells ( lymphocytes and neutrophils ) demonstrated no phototoxicity on these cell lines.