Phase separation and crystallinity in proton conducting membranes of styrene grafted and sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride)

✍ Scribed by Sami Hietala; Mikael Paronen; Svante Holmberg; Jan Näsman; Jyrki Juhanoja; Milja Karjalainen; Ritva Serimaa; Minna Toivola; Tero Lehtinen; Katri Parovuori; Göran Sundholm; Hanna Ericson; Britta Mattsson; Lena Torell; Franciska Sundholm

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 1999
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 525 KB
• Volume: 37
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0887-624X
• DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990615)37:12<1741::aid-pola3>3.0.co;2-5

✦ Synopsis

A series of proton exchange membranes have been prepared by the preirradiation grafting method. Styrene was grafted onto a matrix of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) after electron beam irradiation. Part of the samples was crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) or bis(vinylphenyl)ethane (BVPE). Subsequent sulfonation gave membranes grafted with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and marked PVDF-g-PSSA. It was found that the intrinsic crystallinity of the matrix decreased in both the grafting and the sulfonation reaction in all the membranes. The graft penetration and the ion conductivity are influenced strongly by the crosslinker. The ion conductivity is considerably lower in crosslinked membranes than in noncrosslinked ones. Generally, the mechanical strength decreases with crosslinking. The membranes show a regular phase separated structure in which the sulfonated grafts are incorporated in the amorphous parts of the matrix polymer. The phase separated domains are small, of the order of magnitude of 100 -250 nm. These were resolved on transmission electron micrographs and on atomic force images but could not be resolved with microprobe Raman spectroscopy.