PREFACE ix
INTRODUCTION xi
Vowels xi
Diphthongs xii
The Alphabet xiii
Reading Exercise xx
PART I
LESSON I
The Indefinite ی -z 3
The Personal Pronouns 4
The Demonstrative Pronouns 5
II
The Plural of Nouns 8
The Possessive ezafe 9
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns 10
Interrogative Pronouns 10
The Verb ‘to be' 10
III
The Infinitive 15
Tenses formed from the Past Stem 16
Adjectives 19
IV
Tenses formed from the Present Stem 25
The Pronominal Suffixes 29
xod, xif, and xistan 30
hamin and haman 32
cun 32
conin and conan 32
candin and candan 32
kasi and faxsi 33
hic 33
tour 35
V
The Numerals 37
xeili and besyar 44
yak and yaki 45
digar and digari 45
cand and candi 46
How to express time 46
How to express age 49
VI
The Passive Voice 53
tavanestan 54
xastan 54
gozaftan 55
bayestan 55
fayestan 55
Impersonal Verbs 56
The use of the Subjunctive after ta and ke 57
VII
Adverbs 61
Conditional Sentences 65
The Causative 68
VIII
Conjunctions 70
Relative Clauses 75
har 79
conanke and coninke 79
conance and conince 80
Indefinite Nouns and Pronouns 80
IX
Compound Verbs 85
استیلای مغ ول در ایران p. 95 [Persian text]
X
Word Formation 96
Abstract Nouns 96
Verbal Nouns 96
Nominal Suffixes 97
Diminutives 100
Adjectival Suffixes 100
Compound Nouns page 102
Compound Adjectives 104
[Persian Text] 109
XI
Prepositions 110
[Persian Text] 122
XII
The various uses of -i 124
The Adjectival -i 124
The Abstract -i 125
The Indefinite -i 125
The Relative -i 128
The Verbal -i 128
The use of the ezafe 128
The omission of the ezafe 130
The use of -ra 130
The use of the plural in -an 133
The agreement of nouns of multitude and collective
nouns with the verb 133
Nouns used generically 134
The Vocative 136
The use of the comparative degree of adjectives 136
Repetition 138
va= and 138
[Persian Text] 141
XIII
The use of the Infinitive and Short Infinitive 143
The use of the Past Participle 144
The use of the Present Participle 145
The use of the Noun of the Agent 145
The use of the Preterite 145
The use of the Imperfect 147
The use of the Perfect 148
The use of the Pluperfect 149
The use of the Present 149
The use of the General Present 150
The use of the Subjunctive Present 151
The use of the Subjunctive Past 153
The use of the Future 154
The use of the Imperative 154
The Precative 154
Verbs of ‘saying’, ‘thinking’ and ‘seeing' 155
The use of the negative 159
Impersonal Constructions 160
The formation of ‘Continuous Tenses’ with dastan 160
The Particle hei 161
The Habitual Past and Continuous Past in Classical
Persian 161
The Prefix be- in Classical Persian 161
The Conditional in Classical Persian 161
The use of amadan in Passive Constructions 162
[Persian Text] 164
XIV
Polite Conversation 166
Some discrepancies between the spoken and the
written word 172
PART II
The Arabic Element
INTRODUCTION 181
XV
The Triliteral Root 187
[Persian Text] 195
XVI
The Declension of Nouns 196
The Gender of Nouns 197
The Noun of Place 198
The Noun of Instrument 198
Abstract Nouns 198
Diminutives 199
Adjectives 199
[Persian Text] 202
[Persian Text] 203
XVII Doubled Verbs 204
Hamzated Verbs 205
[Persian Text] 207
[Persian Text] 208
XVIII
Weak Verbs 209
Assimilated Verbs 209
Hollow Verbs 210
Defective Verbs 211
[Persian Text] 213
XIX Quadrilateral Verbs 215
The Dual 215
The Sound Masculine Plural 216
The Sound Feminine Plural 216
[Persian Text] 217
XX
Broken Plurals 219
[Persian Text] 231
XXI
Numerals 233
Pronominal Suffixes 236
Prepositions 238
Adverbs 242
Conjunctions 244
Interjections 245
[Persian Text] 245
[Persian Text] 246
APPENDIX I Irregular Verbs 251
II Interjections 255
III The Calendar 255
IV Currency, Weights and Measures 258
V Abjad 259
VI Intonation 260
KEY
Key to Persian Grammar 266
Additional Exercises 296
Key to Additional Exercises 308
Additional Vocabulary 319
Index 322
Persian Index 326