Perovskite Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

✍ Scribed by Ye Zhou (editor), Yan Wang (editor)

• Publisher: Springer Nature
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 385
• Series: Springer Series in Materials Science (303)
• Edition: 1st ed. 2020
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book addresses perovskite quantum dots, discussing their unique properties, synthesis, and applications in nanoscale optoelectronic and photonic devices, as well as the challenges and possible solutions in the context of device design and the prospects for commercial applications. It particularly focuses on the luminescent properties, which differ from those of the corresponding quantum dots materials, such as multicolor emission, fluorescence narrowing, and tunable and switchable emissions from doped nanostructures. The book first describes the characterization and fabrication of perovskite quantum dots. It also provides detailed methods for analyzing the electrical and optical properties, and demonstrates promising applications of perovskite quantum dots. Furthermore, it presents a series of optoelectronic and photonic devices based on functional perovskite quantum dots, and explains the incorporation of perovskite quantum dots in semiconductor devices and their effect of the performance. It  also explores the challenges related to optoelectronic devices, as well as possible strategies to promote their commercialization. As such, this book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the field of solid-state materials and electronics wanting to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of quantum dots, and the fundamental optoelectronic properties and operation mechanisms of the latest perovskite quantum dot-based devices.

About the Author

Prof. Ye Zhou holds a B.S. (2008) in Electronic Science and Engineering from Nanjing University, an M.S. (2009) in Electronic Engineering from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and a Ph.D. (2013) in Physics and Materials Science from the City University of Hong Kong. He is currently a faculty member and principal investigator at the Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China. His research interests include flexible and printed electronics, organic/inorganic semiconductors, surface and interface physics, and nanostructured materials and nanoscale devices for technological applications, such as logic circuits, data storage, photonics and sensors. He has published 4 book chapters and over 110 SCI papers in peer-reviewed journals, and holds 3 US and 10 Chinese patents.

Dr. Yan Wang is an Associate Research Professor at the Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, China. She received her Ph.D. degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2016. After graduation, she worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at Shenzhen University. She has also been a Visiting Scholar at the City University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Her research interests include functional perovskite material-based electronic and photo-electronic devices.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Synthesis of Perovskite Nanocrystals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Early Works
1.3 Precipitation Method
1.4 Injection Method
1.5 Methods Beyond Precipitation and Hot-Injection
1.5.1 Sonication
1.5.2 Solvothermal
1.5.3 Microwave
1.5.4 Balling Milling
1.6 Summary and Outlook
References
2 Strongly Quantum Confined Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synthesis of Quantum-Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals
2.2.1 All-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites Quantum Dots
2.2.2 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots
2.2.3 Synthesis of Quantum Confined Nanowires and Nanoplatelets of Perovskites
2.3 Photophysical Properties of Quantum-Confined MHP NCs
2.3.1 Size-Dependent Exciton Level Structure and Absorption Cross Section of MHP QDs
2.3.2 Size-Dependent Exciton Dynamics in MHP QDs
2.4 Applications and Future Outlook
References
3 All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots: Ligand Modification, Surface Treatment and Other Strategies for Enhanced Stability and Durability
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Structure, Synthesis and Morphological Control of CsPbX3 QDs
3.2.1 Crystal Structure
3.2.2 Synthetic Strategies
3.2.3 Phase Transformation
3.2.4 Degradation Mechanism of CsPbX3 QDs
3.3 Surface Ligand Modification
3.3.1 Surface Engineering
3.3.2 Categories of the Common Ligands
3.3.3 Ligand Modification
3.3.4 Ligand Exchange
3.4 Post-Synthetic Ligand Treatments
3.5 Coating Strategies
3.5.1 Silica Coating for Stable CsPbX3 QDs
3.5.2 Other Materials Coating
3.6 Compositional Engineering
3.6.1 A-Site Doping
3.6.2 B-Site Doping
3.7 Polymer Encapsulation
3.8 Application in Pc-LEDs
3.9 Conclusion and Outlook
References
4 Perovskite Quantum Dots Based Light-Emitting Diodes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Down-Converted Perovskite QLEDs
4.2.1 Solid-State Lighting Sources
4.2.2 Backlight Displays
4.2.3 Stability and Lifetime
4.3 Perovskite AM-QLEDs
4.3.1 Evolution of Device Performance
4.3.2 Stability and Lifetime
4.3.3 Lead-Free Devices
4.3.4 Flexible and Stretchable Devices
4.4 Summary and Outlook
References
5 Polarized Emission from Perovskite Nanocrystals
5.1 Polarized Emission Mechanism of PNCs
5.2 Linearly Polarized Luminescence of PNCs
5.2.1 Electrospinning Technique
5.2.2 Mechanical Stretching Technique
5.2.3 Template Assisted Growth Technique
5.2.4 Solution-Phase Growth Technique
5.2.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth Technique
5.2.6 Other Techniques
5.3 Circularly Polarized Luminescence of PNCs
References
6 Characterization of Lead Halide Perovskites Using Synchrotron X-ray Techniques
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Techniques and Applications
6.2.1 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
6.2.2 X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence (XEOL)
6.2.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
6.3 Concluding Remarks
References
7 Perovskite Quantum Dot Photodetectors
7.1 Introduction to Perovskite QDs and Photodetectors
7.1.1 Quantum Dots
7.1.2 Perovskite QDs: Structure and Synthesis
7.1.3 Types of Photodetectors
7.1.4 Photodetector Performance Metrics
7.2 QD Photodetectors
7.2.1 Fundamentals of QD Photodetectors
7.2.2 The History of QD Photodetectors
7.3 Perovskite QD Photodetectors
7.3.1 Category Methods
7.3.2 Band Types
7.3.3 Response Features
7.3.4 Mechanical Performance: Flexible or Not
7.3.5 Working Mechanisms
7.3.6 Device Structures
7.3.7 Detection Ranges of Wavelength
7.3.8 Material-System Design
7.4 Summary and Perspective
References
8 Perovskite Quantum Dots Based Luminescent Solar Concentrators
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Single-Layer LSC
8.2.1 LSC Based on Mixed-Halide Perovskite QDs
8.2.2 LSC Based on Doped Perovskite QDs
8.2.3 LSC Based on Zero-Dimensional Perovskite NCs
8.2.4 LSC Based on Perovskite Nanoplatelets
8.3 Tandem LSC Based on Perovskite QDs
8.4 Bilayer LSCs Based on Perovskite QDs
8.5 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
9 Perovskite Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Applications
9.1 Introduction to Perovskite Solar Cells
9.2 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Enhanced Device Stabilities
9.3 Quantum Dots Synthesis Methods
9.4 Device Structure and Physics
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Perovskite Quantum Dots Based Phototransistors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Perovskite Based Phototransistors
10.2.1 Overview of Perovskite Phototransistors
10.2.2 Bulk Perovskite Semiconductor Phototransistors
10.2.3 Careers’ Transfer Inside of Bulk Perovskite Transistor
10.2.4 Characterization of Perovskite Based Phototransistors
10.3 Classification of QDs Based Phototransistors
10.3.1 Phototransistors with QD’s Hybrid Active Layer
10.3.2 Phototransistors with QD’s Hybrid Insulator
10.4 Perovskite QDs Encapsulated in Insulator Gel of Phototransistors
10.4.1 Fabrication Processes of the Hybrid Photo-Sensing Insulator
10.4.2 Photo-Charges’ Inducing Mechanism of Phototransistors
10.4.3 Dynamic Analysis of the Phototransistors
10.5 Optimal Perovskite QDs Based Phototransistor and Evaluation of Figures of Merit
10.5.1 Optimal Heterostructures of the Perovskite Phototransistors
10.5.2 Photo-Charges’ Transport Mechanism
10.5.3 Fabrication Compatibility of the Optimal Perovskite QDs’ Phototransistors
10.5.4 Origins’ Exploration of the Optimal Phototransistors’ Performances
10.5.5 Verification and Characterization for Practical Detecting Application
10.6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
11 Perovskite Quantum Dots Based Lasing-Prospects and Challenges
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Photophysics of Perovskite Quantum Dots
11.2.1 Crystal and Electronic Band Structure
11.2.2 Optical Properties
11.2.3 Carrier Dynamics
11.2.4 Optical Gain in Pe-QDs
11.3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Lasers with Various Resonator Configurations
11.3.1 Random Lasers
11.3.2 Distributed Feedback Lasers
11.3.3 Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasers
11.3.4 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
11.3.5 Multicolored Laser Arrays
11.3.6 Pe-QDs Lasers Based on Liquid Crystal Cavity
11.4 Issues and Challenges
11.4.1 Stability
11.4.2 Toxicity
11.4.3 Towards Electrically Pumped Lasing
11.5 Summary and Outlook
References
12 Electrospun Nanofibers Embedded with Perovskite Quantum Dots
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Applications of PQD-Embedded Electrospun Nanofibers
12.2.1 Light Emitting Application
12.2.2 Sensing Application
12.2.3 Photodetector Application
12.3 Conclusion
References
13 Strategies Towards Improving the Stability of All-Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots
13.1 Compositional Adjustment
13.1.1 A-Site Doping
13.1.2 B-site Doping
13.2 Surface Engineering
13.2.1 Surface Passivation
13.2.2 Surface Coating
13.2.3 Polymer Encapsulation
13.3 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Index