Performance-Based Seismic Design of Structures

✍ Scribed by Satyabrata Choudhury

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 427
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Seismic design of structures is fast turning to performance-based design (PBD) from old codal force-based design (FBD) method. The aim of the book is to expose readers to the meaning and need of PBD, the evolution of PBD to date, its various forms and applications. Various design philosophies and procedures have been described including modelling aspects and hazard considerations backed by examples. Direct displacement-based design (DDBD) and Unified PBD (UPBD) of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, RC dual systems, steel frame buildings and bridge piers have also been explained.

The main features of this book are as follows:

• Illustrates performance-based seismic design to achieve the design target by performance objective-oriented design procedure.
• Covers modern design philosophies, modelling aspects, concepts in nonlinearities and use of supplemental damping devices.
• Contains a chapter on seismic safety of nonstructural components.
• Describes UPBD design procedure and examples of different structural systems.
• Includes application and examples with reference to SAP2000 software.

This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers and professionals in civil engineering, earthquake engineering and structural design.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Author
Abbreviations
Symbols
1 Force-based Design and Its Limitations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Performance of Buildings in Past Earthquakes
1.2.1 Performance of Building Structures in Past Earthquakes
1.2.2 Performance of Nonstructural Components in Past Earthquakes
1.3 Codal Seismic Design Provisions
1.3.1 Ec-8 (2004) Provisions
1.3.2 Indian Seismic Code Is 1893-2016
1.3.3 Other International Codes
1.4 Equal Displacement Principle
1.5 Equal Energy Principle
1.6 Classification of Structures Based on Time Period
1.7 Strength–stiffness Dependency
1.8 Limitations of Force-based Method of Design
1.9 Closure
1.10 Exercises
Further Readings
2 Introduction to Performance-based Design
2.1 General
2.2 Historical Development of Pbd
2.3 Displacement-based Design
2.4 Deformation-controlled Design by Panagiatakos and Fardis
2.5 Displacement-based Design by QI and Moehle
2.6 Browning’s Proportioning Method of Design
2.7 Yield Point Spectra Method of Design
2.8 Dbd by Chopra
2.9 Capacity Spectrum Method by Freeman
2.10 Direct Displacement-based Design
2.11 Unified Performance-based Design
2.12 Capacity Design
2.13 Equivalent Viscous Damping
2.14 Examples
2.15 Closure
2.16 Exercises
Further Readings
3 Hazard Considerations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nomenclature of Hazard Levels
3.3 Hazard Consideration in ATC-40 (1996)
3.4 Hazard Description in ASCE-SEI-7-16
3.4.1 Seismic Risk Categories
3.4.2 Seismic Design Category
3.5 Hazard Description in ASCE-SEI-41-17
3.6 Hazard Description in Euro Code 8 (2004)
3.6.1 Ground Types
3.7 Hazard Description in Is 1893 (pt 1) – 2016
3.8 New Zealand Code: NZS 1170-5 (2004)
3.9 Construction of Displacement Response Spectra
3.9.1 Steps in the Construction of Displacement Spectra
3.10 Closure
3.11 Examples
3.12 Exercises
Further Readings
4 Modelling Aspects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Strength Levels
4.2.1 Characteristic Strength
4.2.2 Limit Strength
4.2.3 Expected Strength
4.2.4 Extreme Strength
4.2.5 Strength of Concrete
4.2.6 Strength of Reinforcing Steel
4.2.7 Moment of Resistance Computation for Concrete Section
4.3 Effective Stiffness
4.3.1 Effective Stiffness for Columns
4.4 Plastic Hinge Concept
4.5 Modelling of Beam, Column and Shear Wall
4.5.1 Modelling Beams and Columns
4.5.2 Modelling of Shear Wall
4.5.2.1 Computation of Plastic Rotation in Layered Shell Element Model
4.5.3 Bridge Pier
4.6.1 Fema-356 Provisions for Infill Strut
4.6.2 Provisions of Is 1893-2016 for Infill Strut
4.6.3 Strength of Infill
4.6.4 Axial Capacity of Infill Strut
4.6 Modelling Infill Wall
4.7 P-delta Effect
4.7.1 Static P-delta Effect
4.7.2 Dynamic P-delta Effect
4.8 Total Damping
4.9 Ductility Considerations
4.9.1 Basic Concepts of Ductility
4.9.2 Curvature Ductility from Strain Profile
4.10 Base of the Building
4.11 a Note on Plastic Rotations as per ASCE-SEI-17
4.12 Torsional Effect in Structures
4.13 Confined Versus Unconfined Concrete
4.14 Examples
4.14.1 Examples Related to Section 4.2
4.14.2 Examples Related to Section 4.5
4.14.3 Example Related to Section 4.6 (infill)
4.15 Closure
4.16 Exercises
Further Readings
5 Performance Criteria and Performance Levels
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Performance Levels
5.2.1 Structural Performance Levels
5.2.2 Non-structural Performance Levels
5.2.3 Building Performance Levels
5.3 Member Performance Levels
5.4 Multi-objective Design
5.4.1 Basic Safety Objective (bso)
5.4.2 Enhanced Design/rehabilitation Objectives
5.4.3 Limited Design/rehabilitation Objectives
5.4.4 Reduced Design/rehabilitation Objective
5.5 Closure
5.6 Exercises
Further Readings
6 Analysis for the Evaluation of Structures
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Linear Analysis
6.3 Nonlinear Analysis
6.3.1 P-delta Effect and Its Consideration
6.3.1.1 P-delta Effect for Static Linear Procedure (FEMA-356)
6.3.1.2 P-delta Effect for Static Nonlinear Procedure
6.3.1.3 P-delta Effect for Dynamic Nonlinear Procedure
6.4 Pushover Analysis
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Lateral Load Patterns
6.4.2.1 Lateral Load Patterns A
6.4.2.2 Lateral Load Patterns B
6.4.2.3 How Many Pushover Curves?
6.4.3 Multimode Pushover Analysis
6.4.4 Modified Modal Pushover Analysis
6.4.5 Other Types of Pushover Analyses
6.5 Evaluation of Structures: Performance Point
6.6 Displacement Coefficient Method
6.7 Capacity Spectrum Method
6.7.1 Adrs Format of Capacity Spectrum and Demand Spectrum
6.7.2 Damping Corresponding to a Damage State
6.7.3 Determination of Performance Point
6.8 Displacement Modification Method (FEMA-440)
6.9 Equivalent Linearization Method (FEMA-440)
6.10 Performance Point and Performance Level of Structures
6.11 Time History Analysis
6.11.1 How Many Earthquakes?
6.11.1.1 ASCE-7-16 Provisions
6.11.1.2 FEMA P-695 Provisions
6.12 Example
6.13 Closure
6.14 Exercises
Further Readings
7 Direct Displacement-based Design of RC Frame Buildings
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Shape Profile and Displacement Profile
7.2.1 Distribution of the Base Shear over the Floors
7.3 Load Combination and Design
7.4 Equivalent Damping of the Building System
7.4.1 Evaluation of the Performance of the Designed Building
7.5 Numerical Examples
7.6 Two Expressions of Equivalent Damping
7.7 Variation of ∆_d with θ_d
7.8 Cases When Design Displacement Is More Than the Spectral Displacement
7.9 Base Shear Considering P-delta Effect
7.10 Closure
7.11 Exercises
Further Readings
8 Ddbd for Dual System
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Frame–shear Wall Interaction
8.3 Ddbd for Dual System
8.4 Examples
8.5 Closure
8.6 Exercises
Further Readings
9 Unified Performance-based Design of RC Frame Buildings
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical Development of Upbd Method
9.3 Interpretation of Eq. (9.2.4)
9.4 Design Steps in Upbd Method for RC Frame Buildings
9.5 Design Examples
9.5.1 Modelling Example
9.6 Ductility Vs. Damping
9.7 Critical Cases
9.8 Generation of Displacement Spectra
9.9 Closure
9.10 Exercises
Further Readings
10 Unified Performance-based Design of RC Dual System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theoretical Development of Upbd Method for the Dual System
10.2.1 Thickness of the Wall
10.3 Interpretation of the Equation: Eq. (10.2.4)
10.4 Design Steps in Upbd Method for Rc Dual System Buildings
10.5 Design Examples
10.6 Relationship Between H_inf and H
10.7 Effect of Length of the Wall
10.8 Effect of Height of the Building
10.9 Effect of Variation of Percentage Base Shear Carried by Frame
10.10 Critical Cases
10.11 Closure
10.12 Exercises
Further Readings
11 Upbd for Steel Frame Buildings
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Development of Upbd Method for Steel Buildings
11.3 Plastic Rotation of Steel Beams
11.4 Methodology
11.5 Numerical Examples on the Selection of Beam Section
11.6 Closure
Further Readings
12 Effect of Infill
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Strut Action and Strut Model of Masonry
12.2.1 Infill Strut Modelling
12.3 Masonry Strength
12.3.1 Lateral Shear Strength of Masonry
12.3.2 Force–deformation Behaviour of Infill Strut
12.3.2.1 Axial Force on Infill Strut
12.3.2.2 Effect of Infill on Building
12.4 Examples
12.5 Closure
12.6 Exercises
Further Readings
13 DDBD of RC Frame Buildings with Viscous Dampers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Existing Methods of Design Using Fvd
13.3 Ddbd Method for Rc Frame Buildings with Dampers
13.4 Examples
13.5 Nonlinear Damper
13.5.1 Interpretation of Equation
13.6 Drift Proportional Damping Force
13.7 Closure
13.8 Exercises
Further Readings
14 Displacement-based Design for Bridge Piers
14.1 Introduction
14.2 DBD Basics for Circular Bridges Piers
14.3 DBD for Circular Bridge Piers
14.4 DDBD for Bridges Piers
14.5 Closure
14.6 Exercises
Further Reading
15 UPBD for Bridge Piers
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Theoretical Background
15.2.1 Expression for the Yield Rotation of Pier
15.2.2 Modified Expression for Pier Diameter
15.2.3 Size of Non-circular Piers
15.3 Design Steps for Upbd Method for Bridge Piers
15.4 Examples
15.5 Closure
15.6 Exercises
Further Readings
16 Energy Dissipating Devices
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Friction Dampers
16.3 Yielding Metallic Dampers
16.3.1 Constricted Plate Damper
16.3.2 Rolling Bending Damper
16.4 Fluid Viscous Dampers
16.4.1 Orifice Type Damper
16.5 Viscous Wall Damper
16.6 Viscoelastic Dampers
16.7 Eccentrically Braced Frames
16.8 Elastomeric Spring Device
16.9 Shape Memory Alloy
16.10 Lead Extrusion Devices
16.11 Closure
16.12 Exercises
Further Readings
17 Tuned Liquid Damper
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Dynamics of TLD
17.2.1 Equation of Motion of TLD Structure System
17.3 Modelling of Water in a Tank
17.4 Closure
Further Readings
18 Tuned Mass Dampers
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Undamped TMD System Under Sinusoidal Excitation
18.2.1 Resonance Condition Between Structure and TMD
18.3 Undamped TMD System Under Sinusoidal Base Excitation
18.4 Damped TMD System Under Sinusoidal Excitation
18.5 Exercises
18.6 Closure
Further Readings
19 Seismic Safety of OFCs
19.1 General
19.2 Computation of Seismic Force on OFCs
19.2.1 Default Force When Force Analysis Is Permitted
19.2.2 General Equation in Force Analysis: Horizontal Design Force
19.2.3 General Equation in Force Analysis: Vertical Design Force
19.2.4 Deformation Analysis
19.3 Floor Response Spectra
19.4 Response Amplification
19.5 Examples
19.6 Exercises
19.7 Closure
Further Readings
20 Miscellaneous Topics
20.1 General
20.2 Preliminary of Probability
20.2.1 Statistical Terms
20.2.1.1 Discrete Random Variable
20.2.1.2 Probability Mass Function (PMF)
20.2.1.3 Cumulative Distribution Function of PMF
20.2.1.4 Continuous Random Variable
20.2.1.5 Probability Density Function (PDF)
20.2.1.6 Cumulative Distribution Function of PDF
20.3 Statistical Distributions
20.3.1 Bernoulli Distribution
20.3.2 Binomial Distribution
20.3.3 Poisson Distribution
20.3.4 Normal Distribution (Gaussian Distribution)
20.3.5 Exponential Distribution
20.3.6 Uniform Distribution
20.3.7 Lognormal Distribution
20.4 Damage Index
20.5 Seismic Fragility Analysis
20.5.1 Intensity Measure
20.5.2 Engineering Demand Parameter
20.5.3 Damage State
20.5.4 Incremental Dynamic Analysis
20.5.5 Seismic Fragility
20.5.6 Steps in Fragility Analysis
20.6 Base Isolation System
20.6.1 General
20.6.2 Types of Isolation Systems
20.7 Closure
Further Readings
Index