Pediatric Retinal Diseases (Retina Atlas)

✍ Scribed by R. V. Paul Chan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 107
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume on pediatric retina covers all aspects of pediatric retinal diseases as their understanding, diagnosis and management is still under evolution and a challenging task. Newer diagnostic and surgical techniques are being developed and are being adapted for better visual outcome in pediatric cases. It comprises of 10 chapters describing the medical and surgical aspects. The text and figures have been provided in a lucid manner to enhance the understanding of the reader.

This volume covers OCT angiography for pediatric retinal disease, clinical spectrum of retinopathy of prematurity, which has become an ever increasing burden of disease for the society and needs special attention, anti-VEGF for retinopathy of prematurity, surgical management of retinopathy of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity: atypical aspects, Coats’ disease, pediatric retinal inflammatory disorders, congenital X-linked retinoschisis, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, hematologic disorders: leukemia, hyperviscosity, anemia. It provides descriptions of these disease accompanied by numerous helpful images to highlight these conditions.

This atlas will assist the vitreoretinal specialists, general ophthalmologists, retina fellows and post graduate students in successfully identifying the key features of these challenging pediatric vitreoretinopathies.

Pediatric Retinal Diseases is one of the nine volumes of the series Retina Atlas. This series provides global perspective on vitreoretinal diseases, covering imaging basics, retinal vascular disease, ocular inflammatory disease, retinal degeneration, surgical retina, ocular oncology, pediatric retina and trauma. Retina Atlas is spread over 9 volumes and about 100 chapters, covering validated and comprehensive information on retinal disorders.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
About the Editor
1: OCT Angiography for Pediatric Retinal Disease
Introduction
OCTA in Pediatric Macular Disease
OCTA in Pediatric Retinal Vascular Disease
Portable OCTA
Conclusion
References
2: Retinopathy of Prematurity
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Classification and Features
International Classification of ROP: Zones, Stages, Plus, APROP
Other Features
Screening
Screening Criteria
Termination of Screening Criteria
Future Screening Criteria
Telemedicine
Management
Observation
Cryotherapy
Laser Photocoagulation
Treatment Earlier Than Type 1
Anti-VEGF
Vitreoretinal Surgery
Follow-Up and Long-Term Effects After Regression
Refractive Error
Other Ocular Abnormalities
Other Systemic Abnormalities
Conclusion
References
3: Anti-VEGF for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Introduction
ROP Pathogenesis and Clinical Studies
Injection Technique
Different Types of Anti-VEGF and Treatment Dose
Ocular Complications Associated with Anti-VEGF Agents
Systemic Safety Concerns
References
4: Surgical Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Introduction
Anatomy of ROP-Related Retinal Detachments
Surgical Goals
Timing of Surgery
Surgical Approach
Lens-Sparing Vitrectomy
Lensectomy and Vitrectomy
Advanced Techniques
Approach to Retinopathy of Prematurity Detachments After Treatment with Anti-VEGF Agents
Enzymatic Vitreolysis
Adult Retinopathy of Prematurity
References
5: Atypical Retinopathy of Prematurity
ROP in Big Babies
ROP in Near Term and Big Babies Is Rarely Reported
Aggressive Posterior ROP in Bigger Babies
Zone Half-APROP (APROP with Vascularization Not Even Reached Near Fovea) and Posterior Zone 1 ROP Variant
Hybrid ROP
Bleb-Like Posterior Combined Tractional and Exudative Retinal Detachment in ROP
Exudative Retinal Detachment as an Initial Presentation in ROP
Anterior Hyaloidal Fibrovascular Proliferation in ROP
References
6: Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Introduction
Etiopathogenesis
Embryonic Development
Normal Regression of Embryonic Vascular System (Sebag and Nguven 2005)
Clinical Features and Classification
Investigations
Management
Observation
Surgery
Postoperative Treatment
Visual Prognosis
Differential Diagnosis
Conclusion
References
7: Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Management
Medical Considerations
References
8: Coats’ Disease
Introduction
Clinical Features of Coats’ Disease
Widefield Fundus Imaging and Fluorescein Angiography
Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography
Management
Non-surgical Interventions
Surgical Intervention
References
9: Paediatric Retinal Inflammatory Disorders
Introduction
Clinical Entities
Infectious
Bacteria
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Lyme (Borreliosis)
Endogenous Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Cat Scratch Disease
Rickettsioses
Viral
Acute Retinal Necrosis
Fungal
Candida
Parasites
Toxoplasmosis
Toxocariasis
Non-infectious Entities
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Behçet Disease
Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis Syndrome
Ampiginous Choroiditis
Masquerade Syndromes
Neoplastic Masquerade Syndrome
Retinoblastoma
Acute Leukaemia
Lymphoma
Non-neoplastic Masquerade Syndromes
Sympathetic Ophthalmia
References
10: Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis
Introduction
Etiopathogenesis
Clinical Features
General Presentation
Natural History/Progression
Diagnostic Imaging and Testing
Classification
Pathology
Management
Observation and Prophylaxis
Medical Management
Vitreoretinal Surgery Indications and General Principles
Foveal Retinoschisis
Peripheral Retinoschisis
CXLRS-Related Rhegmatogenous and Tractional Retinal Detachments
Future Gene Therapies
References
11: Hematologic Disorders: Leukemia, Hyperviscosity, Anemia
Introduction
Leukemia
Systemic Classification of Leukemia
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Direct Retinal Invasion
Choroidal Infiltration
Vitreous Infiltration
Optic Nerve Infiltration
Leukemic Retinopathy
Leukemia and Opportunistic Infections
Treatment of Leukemia and Retinal Manifestations of Treatment
Hyperviscosity Syndromes Other Than Leukemia
Paraproteinemias
Hyperproliferative States
Hypercoagulable States
Anemia
References