Passive Optical Resonators for Next-Generation Attosecond Metrology

✍ Scribed by Ioachim Pupeza

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 73
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Physics
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book introduces readers to the development of a new generation of high pulse-repetition frequency instruments for multi-dimensional attosecond-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (attosecond PES). It investigates the power scaling of femtosecond enhancement cavities for efficient intracavity high-harmonics generation (HHG). Further, it derives and verifies advanced resonator designs that feature large illuminated spots on all mirrors, which mitigate both intensity- and thermally-induced enhancement limitations.

The dynamics of a high-finesse, passive resonator in the presence of a highly nonlinear optical process such as HHG are quantitatively investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. These investigations are instrumental in achieving the holistic optimization of the XUV source reported on here, which for the first time reached intracavity HHG conversion efficiencies comparable to those achieved in single-pass setups with a similar gas target.

Coupling out the XUV beam from the enhancement cavity by purely geometric means, employing both the fundamental and higher-order transverse Gaussian modes, is studied. This offers the advantages of robustness, low distortion to the participating pulses, and photon-energy scalability. Last but not least, the author provides a range of proof-of-principle attosecond angle-resolved PES experiments.

The book gives an outlook on the possible future development of cavity-enhanced HHG and an extensive discussion on the generation of isolated XUV attosecond pulses via intracavity wavefront rotation.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Tracking Electron Dynamics on Their Native Time Scale—Opportunities and Challenges
1.2 Photoemission-Spectroscopy-Based Attosecond Metrology
1.2.1 Photoelectron Spectroscopy—A Brief Historical Overview
1.2.2 Attosecond Metrology Based on Photoelectron Spectroscopy
1.2.3 Femtosecond Enhancement Cavities
1.2.4 Experimental Implementations and Typical Parameters for Cavity-Enhanced HHG
1.3 Research Objectives and Structure of the Book
1.3.1 The Project MEGAS (MHz Attosecond Pulses for Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Microscopy)
1.3.2 Structure of the Book
References
2 Cavity-Enhanced High-Order Harmonic Generation for Attosecond Metrology
2.1 Power Scaling of Femtosecond Enhancement Cavities
2.1.1 Large-Mode Enhancement Cavities [2]
2.1.2 Megawatt-Scale Average-Power Ultrashort Pulses in an Enhancement Cavity [4]
2.1.3 Balancing of Thermal Lenses in Enhancement Cavities with Transmissive Elements [7]
2.2 Femtosecond Enhancement Cavities in the Nonlinear Regime [8]
2.3 Geometric Output Coupling of Intracavity Generated High-Order Harmonics
2.3.1 Compact High-Repetition-Rate Source of Coherent 100 eV Radiation [25]
2.3.2 High-Harmonic Generation at 250 MHz with Photon Energies Exceeding 100 eV [6]
2.3.3 Cavity-Enhanced High-Harmonic Generation with Spatially Tailored Driving Fields [29]
2.3.4 Cavity-Enhanced Noncollinear High-Harmonic Generation [39]
2.4 The MEGAS Beamline
2.4.1 Phase-Stable, Multi-μJ Femtosecond Pulses from a Repetition-Rate Tunable Ti:Sa-Oscillator-Seeded Yb-Fiber Amplifier [41]
2.4.2 Cumulative Plasma Effects in Cavity-Enhanced High-Order Harmonic Generation in Gases [46]
2.4.3 Efficiency of Cavity-Enhanced High-Harmonic Generation with Geometric Output Coupling [40]
2.5 High-Flux Ultrafast Extreme-Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy at 18.4 MHz Pulse Repetition Rate [45]
2.5.1 HHG Source
2.5.2 Laser-Assisted Photoemission Electron Spectroscopy at 18.4 MHz—Photoelectron Statistics
2.5.3 Attosecond Angle-Resolved Photoemission Electron Spectroscopy (Attosecond-ARPES) at 18.4 MHz
References
3 Next-Generation Enhancement Cavities for Attosecond Metrology—An Outlook
3.1 Passive Enhancement of Few-Cycle, Waveform-Stable Pulses
3.1.1 Enhancement Cavities for Zero-Offset-Frequency Pulse Trains [4]
3.1.2 Enhancement Cavities for Few-Cycle Pulses [5]
3.2 Toward Intracavity Gating for the Generation of Isolated Attosecond Pulses
3.2.1 Generation of Isolated Attosecond Pulses with Enhancement Cavities—A Theoretical Study [8]
3.2.2 Tailoring the Transverse Mode of a High-Finesse Optical Resonator with Stepped Mirrors [10]
3.2.3 Cavity-Enhanced Noncollinear High-Harmonic Generation [11]
3.2.4 Interferometric Delay Tracking for Low-Noise Mach–Zehnder-Type Scanning Measurements [12]
3.3 Solitons in Free-Space Femtosecond Enhancement Cavities [13]
References