Content: 1. Understanding the Need for Parallel Computing 1.1 Introduction 1.2 From Problem to Parallel Solution - Development Steps 1.3 Approaches to Parallelization 1.4 Selected Use Cases with Popular APIS 1.5 Outline of The Book 2. Overview of Selected Parallel and Distributed Systems for High Performance Computing 2.1 Generic Taxonomy of Parallel Computing Systems2.2 Multicore CPUS 2.3 GPUS 2.4 Manycore CPUS/Coprocessors 2.5 Cluster Systems 2.6 Growth of High Performance Computing Systems and Relevant Metrics 2.7 Volunteer-based Systems 2.8 Grid Systems 3. Typical Paradigms for Parallel Applications 3.1 Aspects of Parallelization 3.2 Masterslave3.3 SPMD/Geometric Parallelism 3.4 Pipelining 3.5 Divide and conquer4. Selected APIs for Parallel Programming 4.1 Message Passing Interface (MPI) 4.2 OPENMP 4.3 PTHREADS 4.4 CUDA 4.5 OPENCL 4.6 OPENACC 4.7 Selected Hybrid Approaches 5. Programming Parallel Paradigms Using Selected APIS 5.1 Masterslave5.2 Geometric SPMD 5.3 Divide and conquer6. Optimization Techniques and Best Practices for Parallel Codes 6.1 Data Prefetching, Communication and Computations Overlapping and Increasing Computation Efficiency 6.2 Data Granularity 6.3 Minimization of Overheads 6.4 Process/Thread Affinity 6.5 Data Types and Accuracy 6.6 Data Organization and Arrangement 6.7 Checkpointing 6.8 Simulation of Parallel Application Execution 6.9 Best Practices and Typical Optimizations Appendix A. Resources A.1 Software Packages Appendix B. Further reading B.1 Context of this Book B.2 Other Resources on Parallel Programming