Lerner and Bagic 1 have to be congratulated for their hypothesis on PD pathogenesis. They suggest that the sequence of the brain changes in PD follows specific and repeatable patterns in all cases, as well as that a prion-like process underlies neurodegeneration. These ideas could explain several fe
Painful leg moving toes treated with botulinum toxin type A: A video report
β Scribed by Kerrie Schoffer
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2010
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 731 KB
- Volume
- 25
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0885-3185
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
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## Abstract Synkinesias secondary to nerve lesions and aberrant reβinnervation are wellβknown phenomena especially after lesions of the facial nerve. Synkinesias can successfully be treated with botulinum toxin A (BTx A). Synkinesias of the cremaster muscle have not been described or treated to dat
## Abstract Fifteen patients with torticollis who had been treated with repeated injections of botulinum toxin type A (botox A) developed antibodies to the toxin. This resulted in loss of benefit in the 13 patients who had improved with botox A injections and failure to develop muscle atrophy after