Orthopedic Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice

✍ Scribed by Tony K. George (editor), S. Ali Mostoufi (editor), Alfred J. Tria Jr. (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 433
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This pocket-sized guide provides a practical and comprehensive resource for orthopedic, PM&R, and musculoskeletal specialists, as well as primary care physicians who work in the community outpatient clinic setting. Its consistent chapter format covers each area with anatomy, physical examination, preoperative management, and postoperative rehabilitation sections for the spine and extremities.

The book presents treatment protocols for various injuries, including physical therapy measures such as weight bearing status, PRE, closed or open chain exercises, and timing for returning to routine or sport activities. Its concise presentation of rehabilitation for the upper and lower extremities, the hip and pelvis, and the spine enables quick reference and clinical decision-making.

Furthermore, the book includes a chapter on rehabilitation following the use of orthobiologics, making it a valuable resource for healthcare professionals involved in orthopedic rehabilitation after regenerative interventions.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
1: Rehabilitation Principles for Interventional Orthopedics and Orthobiologics
1.1 Background
1.2 Pre-procedure Considerations
1.3 Rehabilitation Phases After Orthobiologic Treatments
1.4 The Healing Cascade
1.4.1 Phase I of Healing: The Inflammatory Phase (0–5 Days)
1.4.2 Phase II of Healing: The Repair Phase (5–21 Days)
1.4.3 Phase III of Healing: The Maturation Phase (21 Days–12 Months)
1.5 Tissue Specific Considerations
1.5.1 Tendons and Ligaments
1.5.2 Muscles
1.5.3 Cartilage
1.5.4 Bone
1.6 Overview of Rehabilitation Guidelines in Each Phase of Healing
1.6.1 Rehabilitation in the Inflammatory Phase of Healing (0–5 Days)
1.6.1.1 Immobilization/Bracing
1.6.1.2 Pain Management
1.6.2 Rehabilitation in the Proliferative Phase of Healing (5 Days–6 Weeks)
1.6.2.1 Stretching
1.6.2.2 Strengthening
1.6.3 Rehabilitation in the Remodeling Phase of Healing (6 Weeks–12 Months)
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: Rehabilitation of Cervical Spine Disorders
2.1 Anatomy
2.2 Physical Examination
2.2.1 Cervical Spine Exam
2.2.1.1 Inspection
2.2.1.2 Palpation
2.2.1.3 Strength Testing
2.2.2 Manual Muscle Motor Strength Testing (Table 2.1)
2.2.3 Upper Extremity Reflexes (Table 2.2)
2.2.3.1 Special Tests
2.3 Pre-operative Management
2.3.1 Cervical Stenosis and Myelopathy
2.3.1.1 Modalities
2.3.1.2 Bracing
2.3.1.3 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
2.3.1.4 Interventional Procedures
2.3.2 Cervical Radiculopathy
2.3.2.1 Modalities
2.3.2.2 Bracing
2.3.2.3 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
2.3.2.4 Interventional Procedures
2.3.3 Cervical Facet Arthropathy
2.3.3.1 Modalities
2.3.3.2 Bracing
2.3.3.3 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
2.3.3.4 Interventional Procedures
For Facet Arthropathy
For Cervicogenic Headache
2.3.4 Cervical Whiplash
2.3.4.1 Modalities
2.3.4.2 Bracing
2.3.4.3 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
2.3.4.4 Interventional Procedures
2.3.5 Cervical Spine Trauma
2.3.5.1 Bracing
2.3.5.2 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
Odontoid Fracture
2.3.5.3 Interventional Procedures
2.4 Post-operative Rehabilitation
2.4.1 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
2.4.2 Posterior Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion
2.4.3 Cervical Foraminotomy
2.4.4 Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
References
3: Rehabilitation of Thoracic Spine Disorders
3.1 Anatomy
3.2 Physical Examination
3.2.1 Inspection and Palpation
3.2.2 Range of Motion
3.2.3 Sensory Testing
3.2.4 Motor Testing
3.2.5 Reflexes
3.2.6 Special Tests
3.3 Pre-operative Management
3.3.1 Scoliosis
3.3.1.1 Initial Treatment
3.3.1.2 Bracing
Pediatric Scoliosis Bracing
Adult Scoliosis Bracing
3.3.1.3 Stretching
3.3.1.4 ROM
3.3.1.5 Strengthening
3.3.1.6 Physical Therapy
3.3.1.7 Activity Tolerance
3.4 Postoperative Rehabilitation
3.4.1 Scoliosis Corrective Surgery: Posterior Approach Fusion
3.4.1.1 Goals
3.4.1.2 Restrictions/Precautions
3.4.1.3 Bracing (Post-surgical)
3.4.1.4 Modalities
3.4.1.5 Inpatient Recovery (3 and 4)
3.4.1.6 Early Phase of Recovery (Post-surgical Discharge: 12 Weeks)
3.4.1.7 Late Phase of Recovery (>12 Weeks)
3.4.1.8 Return to Activity
3.4.2 Scoliosis Corrective Surgery: Anterior Approach
3.4.2.1 Goals
3.4.2.2 Modalities
3.4.2.3 Bracing
3.4.2.4 Restrictions/Precautions
3.4.2.5 Inpatient Recovery Up To 6 Weeks [17]
3.4.2.6 Recovery (>6 Weeks)
3.4.2.7 Return to Activity
3.4.3 Vertebral Compression Fractures
3.4.3.1 Bracing
3.4.3.2 Modalities
3.4.3.3 Pre-operative Rehabilitation
3.4.3.4 Interventional Therapy
3.4.3.5 Post-augmentation Rehabilitation
References
4: Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Disorders
4.1 Anatomy
4.2 Physical Examination
4.2.1 Lumbar Spine Examination
4.2.1.1 Inspection and Palpation
4.2.1.2 Range of Motion
4.2.1.3 Strength/Sensation and Reflexes
4.2.1.4 Special Tests
4.3 Pre-operative Management
4.3.1 Facet Arthropathy
4.3.1.1 Modalities
4.3.1.2 Bracing
4.3.1.3 Rehabilitation
4.3.1.4 Interventional Procedures
4.3.2 Radiculopathy
4.3.2.1 Modalities
4.3.2.2 Bracing
4.3.2.3 Rehabilitation
4.3.2.4 Interventional Procedures
4.3.3 Sacroiliac Joint Disease
4.3.3.1 Modalities
4.3.3.2 Bracing
4.3.3.3 Rehabilitation
4.3.3.4 Interventional Procedures
4.3.4 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
4.3.4.1 Bracing
4.3.4.2 Rehabilitation
Pars Interarticularis Fracture
4.3.4.3 Interventional Procedures
4.3.5 Discogenic Pain
4.3.5.1 Bracing
4.3.5.2 Rehabilitation
4.3.5.3 Interventional Procedures
4.3.6 Vertebrogenic Pain
4.3.6.1 Bracing
4.3.6.2 Rehabilitation
4.3.6.3 Interventional Treatments
4.4 Post-operative Rehabilitation
4.4.1 Lumbar Discectomy
4.4.1.1 Initial Treatment
4.4.1.2 Intervention
4.4.1.3 Expected Course of Physical Therapy
4.4.2 Lumbar Laminectomy
4.4.2.1 General Precautions
4.4.2.2 Strengthening
4.4.2.3 Manual Therapy in Outpatient or Home Care
4.4.2.4 Strengthening in Outpatient or Home Care
4.4.3 Lumbar Fusion
4.4.3.1 General Precautions
4.4.3.2 1–6 Weeks: Immediate Post-surgical Phase (Longer Immobilization Periods Than Laminectomy)
4.4.3.3 Progressive Phase
References
5: Rehabilitation of Shoulder Disorders
5.1 Anatomy
5.1.1 Bones
5.1.2 Articulations (Joints)
5.1.3 Bursas
5.1.4 Ligaments
5.2 Biomechanical Concepts
5.3 Physical Examination
5.3.1 Inspection
5.3.2 Palpation
5.3.3 Range of Motion Testing
5.3.4 Muscle Testing
5.3.5 Neurologic Evaluation
5.3.6 Special Maneuvers
5.4 Preoperative Management
5.4.1 General Rehabilitation Concepts
5.5 Degenerative Conditions
5.5.1 Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
5.5.1.1 Medical Management
5.5.1.2 Interventional Procedures
5.5.1.3 Rehabilitation
5.5.2 Acromioclavicular Joint Osteoarthritis
5.5.2.1 Management
5.5.2.2 Interventional Procedures
5.5.2.3 Rehabilitation
5.5.3 Rotator Cuff Disease
5.5.3.1 Medical Management
5.5.3.2 Interventional Procedures
5.5.3.3 Rehabilitation
5.5.4 Biceps Tendinopathy
5.5.4.1 Management
5.5.4.2 Interventional Procedures
5.5.4.3 Rehabilitation
5.5.5 Frozen Shoulder
5.5.5.1 Clinical Stages
5.5.5.2 Physical Exam
5.5.5.3 Management
5.5.5.4 Interventional Procedures
5.5.5.5 Rehabilitation
5.5.6 Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
5.5.6.1 Medical Management
5.5.6.2 Bracing
5.5.6.3 Interventional Procedures
5.5.6.4 Rehabilitation
5.5.7 Humeral Head Fractures
5.5.7.1 Medical Management
5.5.7.2 Interventional Procedures
5.5.7.3 Bracing
5.5.7.4 Rehabilitation
5.6 Postoperative Management
5.6.1 Rotator Cuff Repair
5.6.1.1 Rehabilitation
Phase 1
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 2
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 3
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
5.6.2 Postoperative Labral Repair Rehabilitation
5.6.2.1 Management
5.6.2.2 Rehabilitation [15–18]
Phase 1
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program for Both
Phase 2
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program SLAP
Rehabilitation Program Bankart
Phase 3
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program for SLAP
Rehabilitation Program for Bankart
Phase 4
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program for SLAP
Rehabilitation Program for Bankart
Phase 5
Goals
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 6
Goals
Rehabilitation Program
5.6.3 AC Joint Sprain Surgical Treatment
5.6.3.1 Management
5.6.3.2 Rehabilitation [20, 21]
Phase 1
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 2
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 3
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 4
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
5.6.4 Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA)
5.6.4.1 Rehabilitation
Phase 1
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 2
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 3
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program [22]
5.6.5 Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA)
5.6.5.1 Rehabilitation
Phase 1
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 2
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
Phase 3
Goals
Precautions
Rehabilitation Program
References
6: Rehabilitation of Elbow Disorders
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Anatomy
6.2.1 Osseous Structures
6.2.2 Bursae
6.2.3 Capsulo-Ligamentous Structures
6.2.4 Musculo-Tendinous Structures
6.2.5 Blood Supply/Vascular
6.2.6 Innervation/Neurologic
6.3 Physical Examination
6.3.1 Inspection
6.3.2 Range of Motion
6.3.3 Palpation/Tenderness
6.3.4 Ligament Laxity/Elbow Instability
6.3.5 Special Tests/Maneuvers by Region
6.3.5.1 Anterior Elbow
6.3.5.2 Medial Elbow
6.3.5.3 Lateral Elbow
6.3.5.4 Posterior Elbow
6.4 Pre-operative Management
6.4.1 Degenerative Conditions
6.4.1.1 Osteoarthritis of the Elbow
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.1.2 Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
Management
Medications
Bracing
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.1.3 Osteochondrosis of the Capitellum (Panner’s Disease)
Management
Medications
Bracing
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.1.4 Rheumatoid Arthritis
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2 Tendinopathies and Bursopathies
6.4.2.1 Distal Biceps Tendinopathy
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2.2 Distal Biceps Tear
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2.3 Triceps Tendinopathy
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2.4 Lateral Epicondylopathy
Management
Medications
Bracing
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2.5 Medial Epicondylopathy
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.2.6 Olecranon Bursopathy
Management
Medications
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.3 Trauma
6.4.3.1 Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex Injury (Sprain)
Management
Medications
Bracing
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.3.2 Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
Management
Medications
Bracing
Rehabilitation
Interventional Procedures
6.4.3.3 Elbow Dislocations
Management
Reduction/Bracing/Splinting
Rehabilitation
6.4.3.4 Radial Head Fracture
Management
Nonoperative
Operative
6.4.3.5 Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Fracture
Management
Nonoperative
Operative
6.4.3.6 Olecranon Stress Fracture
Management
Nonoperative
Operative
6.5 General Framework for Elbow Rehabilitation
6.5.1 Acute Phase
6.5.2 Subacute Phase (Intermediate Phase)
6.5.3 Advance Strengthening Phase (Reconditioning Phase)
6.6 Return to Competition or Prior Level of Function
References
7: Rehabilitation of Hand Disorders
7.1 Hand Anatomy
7.1.1 Hand Osteology
7.1.2 Ligamentous Support of the Hand
7.1.3 Muscles and Tendons of the Hand
7.1.4 Nerves and Vessels of the Hand
7.2 Hand Physical Examination
7.2.1 Inspection and Palpation
7.2.2 Range of Motion
7.2.3 Neuromotor, Musculotendinous, and Ligament Function
7.2.4 Hand Sensory and Vascular Function
7.3 Non-surgical Treatment of Common Injuries and Conditions
7.3.1 Hand Degenerative Conditions and Arthritis
7.3.2 Hand Infection, Tendinopathy, and Other Common Soft Tissue Pathology
7.3.3 Hand Fractures and Joint Dislocations
7.4 Post-surgical Rehabilitation of Common Procedures
7.4.1 Hand Degenerative Conditions and Arthritis
7.4.2 Hand Infection, Tendinopathy, and Other Common Soft Tissue Pathology
7.4.3 Hand Fractures and Joint Dislocations
7.4.4 Hand Ligament Injuries
7.4.5 Hand Flexor Tendon Injuries
7.4.6 Hand Extensor Tendon Injuries
7.4.7 Hand Nerve Injuries
References
8: Rehabilitation of Wrist Disorders
8.1 Wrist Anatomy
8.1.1 Wrist Osteology
8.1.2 Wrist Ligaments
8.1.3 Muscles and Tendons of the Wrist
8.1.4 Nerves and Vessels of the Wrist
8.2 Wrist Physical Examination
8.3 Non-surgical Treatment of Common Wrist Injuries and Conditions
8.3.1 Wrist Tendinopathy, Ligamentous Injuries, Degenerative Changes, and Compressive Neuropathies
8.3.2 Wrist Fractures
8.4 Post-surgical Rehabilitation of Common Wrist Procedures
8.4.1 Wrist Tendinopathy, Ligamentous Injuries, Degenerative Changes, and Compressive Neuropathies
8.4.2 Wrist Fractures
References
9: Rehabilitation of Hip Disorders
9.1 Pre-operative Management
9.1.1 Degenerative Joint Disease of the Hip
9.1.2 Tendinopathies, Bursopathies
9.1.2.1 Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
9.1.3 Iliopsoas Tendonitis
9.1.4 Rectus Femoris and Adductor Strain
9.1.5 Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI) Syndrome (Fig. 9.1)
9.1.6 Hip Dislocation
9.1.7 Stress Fracture of Femoral Neck (Fig. 9.2a, b)
9.1.8 Fracture of Sacral Ala or Pubic Rami (Low-Risk Fracture Sites)
9.2 Post-operative Rehabilitation
9.2.1 Arthroscopy for FAI-Boney Debridement, Capsular and Labral Repair
9.2.2 Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) (Fig. 9.3)
9.2.3 Total Hip Resurfacing (Fig. 9.2)
9.2.3.1 Periacetabular Osteotomies
9.2.3.2 Acetabular Fractures
9.2.3.3 Femoral Neck Fractures
Treated with THA
Treated with Internal Fixation
9.2.3.4 Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture Treated with Internal Fixation
9.2.3.5 Subtrochanteric Hip Fractures Treated with Internal Fixation
9.3 HIP Physical Examination
9.3.1 Inspection
9.3.2 Alignment and Gait
9.3.3 Palpation
9.3.4 Range of Motion
9.3.5 Special Tests
9.4 Anatomy of the Hip
9.4.1 HIP Bone Anatomy
9.4.2 HIP Muscle Anatomy
9.4.3 HIP Nerve Supply
9.4.4 HIP Arterial Supply
References
10: Rehabilitation of Knee Disorders
10.1 Anatomy of the Knee
10.1.1 Surface Anatomy
10.1.2 Menisci
10.1.3 Ligaments
10.1.4 Muscles
10.1.5 Nerves
10.1.6 Arteries (Fig. 10.6a, b)
10.2 Physical Examination of the Knee
10.2.1 Alignment/Gait
10.2.2 Range of Motion
10.2.3 Palpation
10.2.4 Ligaments
10.3 Non-Surgical Medical Management
10.3.1 Arthritic Conditions
10.3.2 Trauma: Ligament Injuries/Sprains
10.3.2.1 Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) [13]
10.3.2.2 Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) [14]
10.3.2.3 Posterolateral Corner (PLC) [15]
10.3.2.4 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) [16]
10.3.2.5 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) [17]
10.3.3 Trauma: Fractures
10.3.4 Trauma: Dislocations
10.3.4.1 Femorotibial (Knee) Dislocation [21]
10.3.4.2 Patellar Dislocation [22]
10.4 Management After Surgical Intervention
10.4.1 Rehabilitation After Arthroscopic/Arthroscopic-Assisted Surgeries
10.4.1.1 Meniscus: Partial Meniscectomy [23]
10.4.1.2 Meniscus: Repair [24, 25]
10.4.1.3 Surface Surgeries: Chondroplasty [26]
10.4.1.4 Surface Surgeries: Microfracture [27]
10.4.1.5 Surface Surgeries: Osteochondral Autograft (OATS) and Osteochondral Allograft [28]
10.4.1.6 Surface Surgeries: Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) [29] and Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) [30, 31]
10.4.1.7 Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) [32]
10.4.1.8 Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) [33]
10.4.1.9 Posterolateral Corner (PLC) [34, 35]
10.4.1.10 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) [36, 37]
10.4.1.11 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) [28, 38]
10.4.2 Rehabilitation After Reconstructive Osteotomies
10.4.2.1 Open Versus Closing Wedge Valgus or Varus Producing High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) [39–42]
10.4.2.2 Open Versus Closing Wedge Varus Producing Distal Femoral Osteotomy [43]
10.4.2.3 Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy (TTO) [44–46]
10.4.3 Rehabilitation Following Knee Replacement Surgery
10.4.3.1 Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) or Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) [47, 48]
10.4.4 Rehabilitation Following Knee Fracture Surgery
10.4.4.1 Distal Femur Fracture [18]
10.4.4.2 Proximal Tibia (Tibial Plateau) Fracture [51, 52]
10.4.4.3 Patellar Fracture [53, 54]
10.4.5 Rehabilitation Following Knee Dislocation Surgery
10.4.5.1 Femorotibial (Knee) Dislocation [55, 56]
10.4.5.2 Patellar Dislocation
References
11: Rehabilitation of Foot and Ankle Disorders
11.1 Section 1: Anatomy and Examination
11.1.1 Foot and Ankle Anatomy [1, 2]
11.1.1.1 Bursae
11.1.2 Blood Supply
11.1.2.1 Peroneal Artery
11.1.2.2 Posterior Tibial Artery
11.1.2.3 Anterior Tibial Artery
11.1.3 Nerve Supply
11.1.4 Foot and Ankle Examination
11.1.4.1 Inspection
11.1.4.2 Palpation
11.1.4.3 Range of Motion
11.1.4.4 Sensorimotor Examination
Special/Focal Examination
Lateral Ankle Palpation
Anterior Drawer Test
Forced Inversion
Talar Dome Examination
Talar Tilt
Fifth Metatarsal Examination
Tibiofibular Tests
Achilles Tendon Examination and Thompson Test
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Examination
11.2 Section 2: Non-operative Foot and Ankle Conditions
11.2.1 Tendinopathies
11.2.1.1 Tibialis Posterior Tendinopathy [3–5]
Bracing
11.2.1.2 Achilles Tendinopathy [6]
Bracing
11.2.2 Degenerative Conditions Affecting the Foot and Ankle [8, 9]
11.2.2.1 Ankle Osteoarthritis
Physical Therapy
Brace
Interventional Procedure
11.2.2.2 Midfoot Arthritis
11.2.2.3 Retrocalcaneal Bursitis
11.2.2.4 Ankle Sprain [10–12]
Phase I: Protective Loading
Phase II
Phase III: (6–10 Weeks After Injury)
Phase IV: Return to Sport/Functional Activities (11–16 Weeks After Injury)
11.3 Section 3: Post-operative Rehabilitative Protocols of Common Surgical Procedures
11.3.1 Rehabilitation After Ankle Osteochondral Defect Surgery
11.3.1.1 Phase I (0–6 Weeks)
Bracing
Phase II (6–12 Weeks)
Phase III (12–20 Weeks)
11.3.2 Rehabilitation in Ankle Fractures Including Pilon Fractures [16, 17]
11.3.2.1 Phase I (0–6 Weeks)
Bracing
11.3.2.2 Phase II (6–12 Weeks)
11.3.2.3 Phase III (12–20 Weeks)
11.3.2.4 Phase IV (+20 Weeks)
11.3.3 Rehabilitation After Total Ankle Arthroplasty [19, 20]
11.3.3.1 Initial Rehabilitation Phase (0–4 Weeks)
11.3.3.2 Recovery Rehabilitation Phase (4 Weeks–3 Months)
11.3.3.3 Intermediate Rehabilitation Phase (3–6 Months)
11.3.3.4 Final Rehabilitation Phase (6–12 Months)
11.3.4 Post-operative Rehabilitation of the Lisfranc Injury [21]
11.3.4.1 Phase I (0–8 Weeks)
11.3.4.2 Phase II (8–12 Weeks)
11.3.4.3 Phase III (12–16 Weeks)
11.3.4.4 Phase IV (+16 Weeks)
11.3.5 Post-operative Rehabilitation Following Ankle Ligament Reconstruction [22, 23]
11.3.5.1 Phase I (0–6 Weeks)
11.3.5.2 Phase II (6–12 Weeks)
11.3.5.3 Phase III (+12 Weeks)
11.3.6 Post-operative Rehabilitation for the Subtalar/Talonavicular/Triple Arthrodesis Surgeries [24]
11.3.6.1 Phase I (0–6 Weeks)
11.3.6.2 Phase II (6–12 Weeks) Range of Motion and Early Strengthening Phase
11.3.6.3 Phase III (+12 Weeks) Gradual Strengthening
References
Index