Orientalism And Race: Aryanism in the British Empire

✍ Scribed by Tony Ballantyne

• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 279
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This study traces the emergence and dissemination of Aryanism within the British empire. The idea of an Aryan race became an important feature of imperial culture in the nineteenth century, feeding into debates in Britain, Ireland, India, and the Pacific. The global reach of the Aryan idea reflected the complex networks that enabled the global reach of British imperialism. Tony Ballantyne charts the shifting meanings of Aryanism within these "webs" of empire.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Map......Page 12
Introduction: Aryanism and the Webs of Empire......Page 14
1 The Emergence of Aryanism: Company Orientalism, Colonial Governance and Imperial Ethnology......Page 31
Trade to dominion: the birth of Company Orientalism......Page 33
Language and colonial power......Page 35
Patronage and the institutional basis of colonial knowledge......Page 36
Sir William Jones, Sanskrit and human origins......Page 39
Language and cultural comparison......Page 40
Colebrook and the Vedic golden age......Page 43
The impact of Sanskritocentrism......Page 45
Indocentrism: the Scottish Enlightenment in 'Further India'......Page 46
Orientalism, the Irish Enlightenment and settler self-fashioning......Page 48
Prichardian ethnology and the Anglo-Saxon revival......Page 51
Max Müller and the Aryan theory......Page 54
Aryans, India and 1857......Page 57
Aryanism as an ethnological tool......Page 61
Regional variation and the limits of racialization: Punjab......Page 65
Conclusion......Page 67
2 Indocentrism on the New Zealand Frontier: Geographies of Race, Empire and Nation......Page 69
Pacific exploration and the question of origins......Page 70
The Semitic Maori?......Page 71
Richard Taylor and the emergence of Indocentrism......Page 75
Indocentrism consolidated: Edward Shortland......Page 79
Colonial science and philology......Page 81
J. T. Thomson and the 'Barata' race......Page 83
Tregear and the Aryan Maori......Page 87
Conflict, consensus and synthesis: Indocentrism 1885–c. 1930......Page 90
The death of Indocentrism: racial origins and the rise of nationalism......Page 92
Conclusion......Page 94
3 Systematizing Religion: from Tahiti to the Tat Khalsa......Page 96
'Religion'......Page 98
Presence and absence: Tahiti and New Zealand......Page 100
A discourse of negation: the search for Maori religion......Page 102
Missionary ethnography......Page 103
Affirmation: religion in India......Page 107
The structure of Brahmanical Hinduism: vaidik and laukik......Page 108
Evangelical critiques of Hinduism......Page 110
The 'jungle': Hinduism and ethnography......Page 112
Sikhism: Nanak and the Indian 'Reformation'......Page 115
Dissenting voices: Evangelical attacks on Sikhism......Page 119
Macauliffe: the dialogics of Orientalism......Page 122
Military recruitment and preserving Sikh identity......Page 124
Conclusion......Page 129
4 'Hello Ganesha!': Indocentrism and the Interpretation of Maori Religion......Page 131
Material transformations and textualizing traditions......Page 132
Fixing 'tradition'......Page 135
Maui, evolution and comparative religion......Page 137
Colonial comparative mythology......Page 140
Hindu-centrism: Indian gods in the Pacific......Page 142
Religion and the crisis of imperial authority......Page 145
Maori phallic cults......Page 147
Tapu, rank and caste......Page 151
Religion and rationality: the Tohunga Suppression Act......Page 155
Conclusion......Page 157
5 Print, Literacy and the Recasting of Maori Identities......Page 159
Historiographical models......Page 160
Pre-colonial social structure and identity......Page 162
Explorers and missionaries: a fatal impact?......Page 163
The coming of print and Christianity......Page 165
Literacy and social change: newspapers......Page 167
Literacy: a social revolution?......Page 169
The Bible and recasting Maori identity: Maori sectarianism......Page 171
Christianity and unity: Kingitanga and its critics......Page 174
Israelites not Aryans: the discourse of origins......Page 177
Conclusion......Page 180
6 The Politics of Language, Nation and Race: Hindu Identities in the Late Nineteenth Century......Page 182
Sources: 'Arya' and the Vedas......Page 183
Arya, religion and race......Page 185
Dayananda Sarasvati and the Arya Samaj......Page 189
Tilak and the rewriting of the history of civilization......Page 192
'Arya', anti-colonialism and Hindu nationalism......Page 194
Conclusion: Arya and the definition of Hindu identity......Page 198
Conclusion: Knowledge, Empire, Globalization......Page 201
Notes......Page 210
Bibliography......Page 248
B......Page 269
C......Page 270
G......Page 271
I......Page 272
L......Page 273
M......Page 274
O......Page 275
R......Page 276
S......Page 277
U......Page 278
Z......Page 279