Organic-and polymer-transistor-based circuits are being investigated for a number of low-cost, large-area applications, particularly those that are compatible with flexible plastic circuits 1-12 . The organic materials that have been used as active semiconductor materials include both sublimed and solutionprocessed semiconductors such as pentacene 6,7,13-24 , oligothiophenes 21,22,25-32 , hexadecafluorocopper phthalocyanine 28-33 , polythiophene 8,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39] , etc. This choice of materials opens up several possibilities to develop integrated circuit technologies based on organic transistors for various largearea, low-cost applications. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have been proposed for applications such as display switches 38 , display drivers 39,40 , radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags 1,9,10,22,41-43 , and sensors 44,45 . Organic/polymer transistors have also been integrated with optical devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electrophoretic cells 11,46,47 , and liquid crystals 6,12,24,48 , to name but a few examples. In recent years, the complexity of circuits made with organic transistors has increased, and the first large-scale (864 transistor) complementary circuits have been fabricated 29 . Researchers have reported active-matrix displays and electronic paper with hundreds or thousands of transistors 46 . The speed of ring oscillators is now in excess of 100 kHz and the clock speed of clocked sequential circuits such as registers is in the kilohertz range. There is a need to develop technologies for relatively fast circuits (~100 kHz clock rate) for use in RFID tags and display drivers. One way to accomplish this is with a S So om me e o of f t th he e m ma aj jo or r a ap pp pl li ic ca at ti io on n a ar re ea as s f fo or r o or rg ga an ni ic c a an nd d p po ol ly ym me er ri ic c t tr ra an ns si is st to or rs s a ar re e r re ev vi ie ew we ed d. . O Or rg ga an ni ic c c co om mp pl le em me en nt ta ar ry y d de ev vi ic ce es s a ar re e p pr ro om mi is si in ng g o on n a ac cc co ou un nt t o of f t th he ei ir r l lo ow we er r p po ow we er r d di is ss si ip pa at ti io on n a an nd d e ea as se e o of f c ci ir rc cu ui it t d de es si ig gn n. . T Th he e f fi ir rs st t o or rg ga an ni ic c l la ar rg ge e--s sc ca al le e i in nt te eg gr ra at te ed d c ci ir rc cu ui it ts s h ha av ve e b be ee en n i im mp pl le em me en nt te ed d w wi it th h t th hi is s c ci ir rc cu ui it t a ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h. . O Or rg ga an ni ic c t tr ra an ns si is st to or r b ba ac ck kp pl la an ne es s a ar re e i id de ea al ll ly y s su ui it te ed d f fo or r e el le ec ct tr ro on ni ic c p pa ap pe er r a ap pp pl li ic ca at ti io on ns s a an nd d o ot th he er r d di is sp pl la ay y s sc ch he em me es s. . L Lo ow w-c co os st t a an nd d o ot th he er r p pr ro oc ce es ss si in ng g a ad dv va an nt ta ag ge es s, , a as s w we el ll l a as s i im mp pr ro ov vi in ng g p pe er rf fo or rm ma an nc ce e, , h ha av ve e l le ed d t to o o or rg ga an ni ic c--b ba as se ed d r ra ad di io o f fr re eq qu ue en nc cy y i id de en nt ti if fi ic ca at ti io on n t ta ag g d de ev ve el lo op pm me en nt t. . T Th he e c ch he em mi ic ca al l i in nt te er ra ac ct ti io on n b be et tw we ee en n v va ar ri io ou us s o or rg ga an ni ic c a an nd d p po ol ly ym me er r s se em mi ic co on nd du uc ct to or rs s c ca an n b be e e ex xp pl lo oi it te ed d i in n c ch he em mi ic ca al l a an nd d b bi io ol lo og gi ic ca al l s se en ns so or rs s b ba as se ed d u up po on n o or rg ga an ni ic c t tr ra an ns si is st to or rs s. .