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Optimal water cost from solar-powered multieffect distillation

✍ Scribed by Badawi W. Tleimat


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1983
Tongue
English
Weight
815 KB
Volume
44
Category
Article
ISSN
0011-9164

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✦ Synopsis


This paper presents a short review of solar distillation followed by a description of conventional distillation methods and associated energy consumption.

The paper then presents a system where solar energy is used to generate steam to drive a multieffect distillation plant. The system is optimized on the basis of minimumwater.cost.

The analysis shows that enhancement of heat-transfer coefficients in the distiTlation section and increasing steam temperature frcm solar boiler result in lower water cost as well as increase the output per unit area of solar collectors.

This study shows that a solar boiler producing saturated steam at 60 C in combination with an evaporator-condenser, developed and tested at this Laboratory, resulted in minimum water costs ranging from $1.40 to $3.70 per m3 for brackish water feed and $2.15 to $4.70 per m3 for seawater feed. At these conditions, the daily pr ductivity per unit area of solar collectors s ranged from 45 to 130 liters per m . This study also shows that when the steam temperature was increased from 60 C to 88 C, theminimum water cqst decreased from $2.15/m3 to S1.37/m3 for brackish water feed and from $3.60/mJ to $2.05/m3 for seawater feed. Also, at these condit'ons, the daily productivity per unit solar collector increased to 288 f/m h ar a of for brackish water feed and to 151 f/m f for seawater feed. These predicted values for the daily productivity are as much as seventy times the average productivity of simple solar stills at the assumed value of solar insolation. RESUME' Cette publication +sente un court rappel sur le sujet de distillation solaire, suiv,i d'une description de djstillation au? effets multiples ,et ses demandes en energie. Ensuite, on presente un systeme dans lequel l'energie solaire sert la generation de vapeur d'eau, pqur faire marcher une installation de distillation aux effets multiples. Ce systeme s'optimise sur co^ut minimal de l'eau produite. Ce coot d'eau se diminue, et le rendement par unite'de surface du collecteur solaire, s'augmente quand on augm&te les co/efficients de transfert de la chaleur ou bien quand on augmente la temperature de la vapeur prod,uite par la bouilloire solaire. Une bouilloire solaire donnant une vapeur saturee a 600C en combinaison av/ec un evaporaieur-condensateur developpe/ et verifie/ a n,otre laboratoir cubique (m 3, ,resulte en un tout minimal de l'eau entre $1.40 et $3.70 par metre ) a partir des eau saumetres, et entre $2.15 et $4.70,par m3jpartir des eaux de mer. Dans ces cqnditions,,le produit quotidien,par metre carree (m2) des capteurs solaires arrive a 45 jusqua 130 litres. Cette etude montre aussi qye l'augmentation de la tempe/rature de la vapeur de 60Β°'a 88oC, diminue le tout \minimum de 1' au de $2.15 'a $1.37 par m3i partir des eaux saumetres, et de $3.6 a $2.05 par m f a partir de%e?ux de mer. Dans ces conditions le rendement par m ? du capteur solaire s'accroit a 288 litres par jour pourpaux saumetres, et B 151 litres par jour ppur eaux de mer. Ces valeurs prevus pour les rendements quotidiens montent a 70 fois les rendements des appareilles simples de distillation solaire aux valeurs normales de l'insolation.


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