Backgrounds and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to measure the spectral dependence of optical absorption and reduced scattering coefficients and thermal conductivity and diffusivity of porcine nasal septal cartilage. Values of optical and thermal properties determined in this study may aid in determining laser dosimetry and allow selection of an optical source wavelength for noninvasive diagnostics for laser-assisted reshaping of cartilage.
Materials and Methods:
The diffuse reflectance and transmittance of ex vivo porcine nasal septal cartilage were measured in the 400-to 1,400nm spectral range by using a spectrophotometer. The reflectance and transmittance data were analyzed by using an inverse adding-doubling algorithm to obtain the absorption ( a ) and reduced scattering ( a ) coefficients. A multichannel thermal probe controller system and infrared imaging radiometer methods were applied to measure the thermal properties of cartilage. The multichannel thermal probe controller system was used as an invasive technique to measure thermal conductivity and diffusivity of cartilage at three temperatures (27, 37, 50Β°C). An infrared imaging radiometer was used as a noninvasive method to measure the thermal diffusivity of cartilage by using a CO 2 laser source ( = 10.6 m) and an infrared focal plane array (IR-FPA) camera.
Results:
The optical absorption peaks at 980 nm and 1,180 nm in cartilage were observed and corresponded to known absorption bands of water. The determined reduced scattering coefficient gradually decreased at longer wavelengths. The thermal conductivity values of cartilage measured by using an invasive probe at 27, 37, and 50Β°C were 4.78, 5.18, and 5.76 mW/cmΒ°C, respectively. The corresponding thermal diffusivity values were 1.28, 1.31, and 1.40Γ 10 -3 cm 2 /sec. Because no statistically significant difference in thermal diffusivity values with increasing temperature is found, the average thermal diffusivity is 1.32 Γ 10 -3 cm 2 /sec. The numerical estimate for thermal diffusivity obtained from infrared radiometry measurements was 1.38 Γ 10 -3 cm 2 /sec. Conclusion: Values of the spectral dependence of the optical absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, and thermal conductivity and diffusivity of cartilage were measured. The invasive and noninvasive diffusivity measurements were consistent and concluded that the infrared imaging radiometric technique has an advantage to determine thermal properties, because damage to the cartilage sample may be