The third assessment report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that there is now new and stronger evidence to support the thesis that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activity, Indeed, increasing scientific observations are providing a startling and collective picture of global warming, with the main culprits of increased greenhouse gas concentrations being energy and transport, in parallel, trends in environmental phenomena are changing, and finally so too, are political attitudes towards the environment, I n 1997, Governments throughout the world took an environmental step and agreed on the Kyoto Protocol. This established targets for reductions in emissions from a basket of greenhouse gases emittedby industrialised countries. However, since then, and despite all of the political platitudes for environmentalism, recent negotiations at COP6 in The Hague demonstrated the difficulties of practical implementation and ratification of targets in each of the participating states. Nevertheless, and despite all the debate, some countries are beginning to implement national Climate Change Programmes, whilst utilities and traditional fossil fuel companies are diversifying into dean technologies, and a huge global market is burgeoning in emission derivatives and carbon credits.