โ Scribed by D. Ugarte
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Nanometric graphitic structures (fullerenes, nanotubes, bucky-onions, etc.) form in different harsh environments (electric arc, electron irradiation, plasma torch). In particular, the onion-like graphitic particles may display a wide range of structures, going from polyhedral to nearly spherical. High-resolution electron microscopy is the primary tool for studying these systems. On the basis of HREM observations, we discuss the energetics and possible formation mechanism of these multi-shell fullerenes. The better understanding of the underlying processes would allow the development of an efficient production method.
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Onion-like particles composed of concentric spherical graphitic shells have been obtained by irradiating diamond crystals with 200 keV electrons. The onion-like structures were found to be producible only in intense electron beams with an irradiation flux density of about l07 electrons/nm 2 s or gre