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On the origin of paramagnetic inhomogeneity effects in blood

โœ Scribed by Rodney A. Brooks; Arturo Brunetti; Jeffry R. Alger; Giovanni Di Chiro

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1989
Tongue
English
Weight
441 KB
Volume
12
Category
Article
ISSN
0740-3194

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โœฆ Synopsis

Hydrogen, sodium, and fluorine (added F) NMR spectra of venous and oxygenated blood were measured. The fluorine resonance was seen as a single peak in both samples, and all three resonances exhibited the same deoxy-oxy shift. Because Fexchanges slowly across the red cell membrane, and because sodium is 95% extracellular, these results suggest that the intra-extracellular field difference AB is less than 0.1 ppm. A small value of AB tends to rule out transmembrane exchange as an important contributor to relaxation in MRI of blood and hematomas. However, the broadening of the resonances with deoxygenatioh, by 0.3-0.4 ppm, indicates that both intra-and extracellular gradients are of comparable and sufficient magnitude to produce the T2-weighted hypointensity seen in clinical magnetic resonance images of hematomas at high fields.

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