✦ LIBER ✦

On the Fracture Toughness of Advanced Materials

✍ Scribed by Maximilien E. Launey; Robert O. Ritchie

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2009
Tongue: English
Weight: 340 KB
Volume: 21
Category: Article
ISSN: 0935-9648
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803322

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Few engineering materials are limited by their strength; rather they are limited by their resistance to fracture or fracture toughness. It is not by accident that most critical structures, such as bridges, ships, nuclear pressure vessels and so forth, are manufactured from materials that are comparatively low in strength but high in toughness. Indeed, in many classes of materials, strength and toughness are almost mutually exclusive. From a fracture‐mechanics perspective, the ability of a microstructure to develop toughening mechanisms acting either ahead or behind the crack tip can result in resistance‐curve (R‐curve) behavior where the fracture resistance actually increases with crack extension; the implication here is that toughness is often developed primarily during crack growth and not for crack initiation. Biological materials are perfect examples of this; moreover, they offer microstructural design strategies for the development of new materials for structural applications demanding combinations of both strength and toughness.

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