Old Catholic and Philippine Independent Ecclesiologies in History (Brill's Series in Church History)

✍ Scribed by Peter-Ben Smit

• Publisher: Brill
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 562
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This study researches the historical development of the self-understanding of the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. Throughout the 20th century, both churches have been in a developing relationship with each other, resulting in full communion in 1965. In the same time period, both churches developed an ecclesiological self-understanding in which an ecclesiology of the national church gradually gave way to an ecclesiology of the local church. By outlining this development for each of these two churches and comparing the developments, the study gives insight both into the individual development of the two churches involved and shows how these developments relate to each other. In this way, the study presents a new historical portrait of these churches and their self-understanding.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 13
1. Introduction......Page 15
2.1.1. The ‘Local’ and the ‘National’ Church......Page 21
2.1.2. Nationalism......Page 29
2.2. Method: Comparative Historiography......Page 33
2.2.1. Comparative History and Comparative Ecclesiology?......Page 38
2.2.2. An Appropriate Comparison? Further Considerations......Page 43
2.3. Periodization and Structure......Page 48
2.4. Official Statements as a Guideline?......Page 49
2.4.1. Selection of Sources: Further Specifications......Page 51
2.5. Earlier Contributions......Page 54
3.1. The Founding of the Union of Utrecht of Old Catholic Churches: Backgrounds and the Churches Involved......Page 64
3.1.1. Dutch Old Catholicism......Page 68
3.1.2. German Old Catholicism......Page 73
3.1.3. Swiss Old Catholicism......Page 79
3.1.4. Ecclesiological Concerns in some Early Statutes of the Old Catholic Churches......Page 83
3.2. The Road towards the 1889 Utrecht Conference: Historical Outline......Page 89
3.2.1. The Road towards Utrecht as Part of an Ecumenical Endeavour......Page 92
3.2.2. The Meeting in Utrecht......Page 99
3.2.3. Ecclesiological and Theological Convergence in the Declaration of Utrecht of 1889......Page 103
3.2.4. Further Ecclesiological Principles in the Documents of the Convention of Utrecht of 1889......Page 106
3.2.5. Concluding Observations......Page 110
3.3. The Road towards the Proclamation of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (1902): Contexts and Developments......Page 112
3.3.1. Philippine Political Nationalism......Page 115
3.3.2. Religion and Nationalism......Page 122
3.3.3. Aglipayan Nationalism......Page 124
3.4.1. Aglipay in the Service of the Roman Catholic Church......Page 128
3.4.2. From Diplomat to Military Chaplain in the Revolutionary Army......Page 131
3.4.3. Aglipay and the Diocese of Nueva Segovia......Page 134
3.4.4. Aglipay in the Service of a National Church......Page 137
3.4.5. From Military Chaplain to Military Vicar General......Page 139
3.4.6. Aglipay’s Manifestos as Vicario General Castrense......Page 140
3.4.7. The Paniqui Assembly......Page 145
3.4.8. Excursus: Vatican Policy, Native Clergy, and the Right of Patronage......Page 149
3.4.9. The Kullabeng Assembly......Page 152
3.4.10. Evaluation of the Ecclesiology of ‘Aglipayanism before the IFI’......Page 154
3.5. The Restart of the National Church: The Proclamation of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente by the Unión Obrera Democrática......Page 157
3.5.1. Ecclesiological Aspects of the Proclamation of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente......Page 161
3.5.2. From Spanish Colonial Rule to American Neo-Colonization: Contextualizing Aglipayan Nationalism......Page 163
3.5.3. Early IFI Ecclesiology: Fundamental Epistles, Constitution and an ‘Acta de Posesión’......Page 164
3.5.4. The Doctrine and Constitutional Rules of the IFI......Page 175
3.5.5. Concluding Observations......Page 180
3.6. Comparative Observations......Page 182
3.6.2. Historical Contexts and Catalysts: Vatican I and Colonial Rule......Page 183
3.6.3. The Relationship with the Roman Catholic Church......Page 184
3.6.5. Modernity and Science......Page 186
3.6.6. Nationalism and the National Church......Page 187
3.6.7. Further Aspects of ‘Independent Catholic’ Identity......Page 190
3.6.8. Excursus: Omnis Jurisdictionis Fons Ecclesia: Dutch and Philippine Trajectories......Page 191
3.6.9. Local Churches?......Page 192
4.2. The Union of Utrecht from the 1889 Convention until after the Second World War......Page 194
4.2.1. Consolidation and Expansion: From 1889 until after the First World War (1920)......Page 196
4.2.2. New Members, Ecclesiological Consequences, and Ecumenism......Page 197
4.2.4. Further Developments of Ecclesial Nationalism......Page 213
4.2.5 The Old Catholic Ecumenical Witness......Page 223
4.2.6. The Broader Ecumenical Movement......Page 227
4.2.7. An Ecumenical Inner Circle: Anglican–Old Catholic–Orthodox......Page 236
4.2.8. The Relationship with the Roman Catholic Church......Page 240
4.2.9. Some Revisions of the Convention of Utrecht in 1952......Page 242
4.2.10. Developing Old Catholic Ecclesiological Self-Understanding 1889–1952......Page 245
4.3. The Development of the Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the IFI from 1902–47......Page 247
4.3.1. Further Development of IFI Doctrine and Ecclesiology......Page 249
4.3.2. IFI Ecumenism: From Rome to Liberal Christianity......Page 267
4.3.3. Intermediate Conclusions: Early IFI Ecclesiological Self-Understanding......Page 276
4.3.4. The National and the Local Church in Early IFI Ecclesiology......Page 278
4.3.6. Ecclesial Reorientation with Anglican Help......Page 279
4.3.7. The 1947 ‘Declaration of Faith and Articles of Religion of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente’......Page 284
4.3.8. Concluding Observations......Page 289
4.4.1. Historical Contexts and Further Catalysts......Page 292
4.4.2. Theological Method and Principles......Page 293
4.4.3. Relationships with other Churches and Ecumenism......Page 294
4.4.4. Nationalism and the National Church......Page 296
4.4.5. The National Church and the Local Church......Page 297
4.4.6. Excursus: The PNCC and the IFI......Page 298
5.1. The Development of the Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the Union of Utrecht from shortly after the Second World War until 1974......Page 300
5.1.1. Towards an Ecclesiology of the Local Church......Page 301
5.1.2. Old Catholic Ecclesiology in an Ecumenical Context......Page 307
5.1.3. The Broader Ecumenical Movement......Page 308
5.1.4. New Agreements of Full Communion and the Call for Conciliarity......Page 310
5.1.5. Old Catholic–Roman Catholic Dialogue......Page 313
5.1.6. The Old Catholic–Anglican Relationship and Dialogue......Page 316
5.1.7. Old Catholic–Orthodox Rapprochement......Page 317
5.1.8. The 1974 Revision of the Convention of Utrecht......Page 319
5.1.9. Concluding Observations......Page 326
5.2. The Development of the Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the IFI from 1947 until 1977......Page 327
5.2.1. The Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the IFI in the Light of the 1947 Documents......Page 329
5.2.2. The 1961 Amendments to the 1947 IFI Constitution and Canons......Page 333
5.2.3. The 1961 Concordat with the ECUSA and Subsequent Ecumenical Recognition......Page 334
5.2.4. New Liturgical Books......Page 339
5.2.5. The Filipino Missal and the Rite for the Consecration of Bishops......Page 340
5.2.6. Further Developments in the Selection, Election, and Consecration of Bishops......Page 342
5.2.7. Receiving Aglipayan Nationalism......Page 344
5.2.8. Ecumenism and Nationalism: the IFI–ECUSA Concordat Council......Page 348
5.2.9. The Doctrinal Reorientation of the IFI: Concluding Observations......Page 349
5.2.11. Rereceiving Aglipayan Nationalism in the Context of a Theology of Struggle......Page 351
5.2.12. The 1976 ‘Statement on Church Mission’......Page 355
5.2.13 The 1977 Constitution and Canons: The National Church and the Participation of the Laity......Page 357
5.2.14. Concluding Observations......Page 361
5.3.1. Historical Contexts......Page 363
5.3.2. Nationalism......Page 364
5.3.3. Ecumenism......Page 365
5.3.4. Theological Principles and Self-Understanding......Page 366
5.3.5. The National Church and the Local Church......Page 367
6.1. The Development of the Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the Old Catholic Churches of the Union of Utrecht between 1974 and the Turn of the Century......Page 372
6.2.1. Developments in the Broader Ecumenical Movement with Special Attention to the Lima Report (BEM)......Page 373
6.2.2. Eucharistic Fellowship and Ecclesial Communion: The AKD–EKD Agreement......Page 376
6.2.3. The Old Catholic–Orthodox Dialogue......Page 379
6.2.4. Old Catholic–Roman Catholic Dialogue......Page 382
6.2.5. Old Catholic Ecumenical Theology and the Value of Universal Primacy......Page 386
6.2.6. The Relationship with Anglican Churches......Page 393
6.2.7. Old Catholics and the Porvoo Agreement......Page 402
6.2.8. Old Catholic Ecumenism: The 1993 IBC Statement......Page 403
6.3.1. Renewal of the Theology of the Ordained Ministry as a Focal Point......Page 405
6.3.2. International Old Catholic Theologians’ Conferences and the Question of Ministry......Page 406
6.3.3. The 1976 IBC Declaration on the Ordination of Women and Its Aftermath......Page 409
6.3.4. A Developing Theology of Ministry: The Old Catholic Response to BEM......Page 414
6.3.5. Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi: The Old Catholic Ordination Rites......Page 416
6.3.6. Reflection in Old Catholic–Orthodox Dialogue......Page 419
6.3.7. Further Reflection on the Early Church: Rethinking an Ecclesiological Principle......Page 422
6.3.8. The Decision of the IBC on the Ordination of Women and its Aftermath......Page 428
6.3.9. The Old Catholic Discussion about the Ordained Ministry from an Ecclesiological Perspective......Page 430
6.3.10. The Discussion About the Ecclesiological Character of the Union of Utrecht 1974–2000......Page 433
6.3.11. The Supplements to the Convention of Utrecht of 1983, 1991 and 1994......Page 436
6.3.12. The International Discussion about the Ecclesiological Character of the Union of Utrecht......Page 437
6.3.13. The Convention of Utrecht of 2000 Compared with the 1974 Version......Page 440
6.3.14. Expressions of Ecclesiological Self-Understanding in Some Later Statutes of Member Churches of the Union of Utrecht......Page 452
6.3.15. From 1974 to 2000 in Old Catholic Ecclesiology: Concluding Observations......Page 458
6.4. The Development of the Ecclesiological Self-Understanding of the IFI between 1977 and the Turn of the Century......Page 462
6.4.1. A New Mainstream: Aglipayan Nationalism within an ‘Orthodox’ Framework......Page 466
6.4.2. Ecumenical Endeavors and Ecclesiological Self-Understanding......Page 470
6.4.3. Ecumenical Agreements as a Reflection of Ecclesiological Self-Understanding......Page 472
6.4.4. Excursus: A Change with Little Discussion: The Ordination of Women......Page 473
6.4.5. Intermediate Conclusions......Page 474
6.4.6. Rediscovering the Local Church......Page 477
6.4.7. Excursus: The Ecumenical Sources of ‘Rediscovering the Local Church’......Page 481
6.4.8. Rediscovering the Local Church: Background and Perspectives......Page 483
6.4.9. The Rediscovery of the Local Church in Context......Page 484
6.4.10. Concluding Observations......Page 486
6.5.1. Contexts......Page 489
6.5.2. Theological Principles......Page 490
6.5.3. Ecumenism......Page 491
6.5.4. Nationalism......Page 492
6.5.5. The National and the Local Church......Page 493
7.2. The IFI and the Union of Utrecht: Typical Churches?......Page 494
7.3. Methodology......Page 496
7.4. Ecclesiologies of the National Church......Page 497
7.5. The Development of Two Ecclesiologies of the Local Church......Page 500
7.5.1. Local and Supra-Local Levels of Ecclesial Communion......Page 503
7.6. National and Local – From National to Local?......Page 506
7.7. Theological Principles, Ecumenism, and Ecclesiological Self-Understanding......Page 507
7.7.1. The Relationship with the Roman Catholic Church......Page 513
7.8.1. Ecclesial Orders......Page 515
7.8.2. Liturgy and Ecclesial Unity......Page 516
7.9.1. Exchange and Complementarity?......Page 518
7.9.2. One Reason for All Differences?......Page 520
7.10. Outlook......Page 521
Bibliography......Page 523
Index of Names and Places......Page 559