Innovation has been a driving force in the successful deployment of nuclear energy and remains essential today for its sustainable future. As nuclear energy is an attractive option for ensuring diversity and security of energy supply, as well as lower global climate change risks, the way to continue this innovation is a key issue for industry and interested governments. This report provides an overview of the state of the art in nuclear innovation systems, including their driving forces, main actors, institutional and legal frameworks, and infrastructure for knowledge and programme management. It also offers policy recommendations based on country reports and case studies supplied by participating member countries.Table of Content : Foreword Executive Summary 1. Introduction -Background -Objectives -Scope -Approache 2. Methodology -Common Understanding of Innovation and Innovation Systems -Integration of Country Reports -Analysis of Case Studies 3. Needs for Nuclear Technology and Innovation -World Energy Prospects -Sustainability Constraints -Role of Nuclear Energy Innovation 4. National and International Effort for Nuclear Innovation -Programmes suppporting curernt nuclear power plant and fuel cycles facilities -Programmes supporting power plants and fuel cycles for near-term development -Programmes supporting power plants and fuel cycles for long-term deployment -Programmes outside electricity production 5. Special Characteristics of Inovation in Nuclear Energy Technology -Specific characteristics of nuclear energy sector -Patterns of Nuclear Development -Characteristics of Nuclear Innovation Systems -Key Factors for Nuclear Innovation Performance 6. Conclusions and Recommendations References