## Abstract Dystonia is a disabling movement disorder with a significant impact on quality of life. The current therapeutic armamentarium includes various drugs, botulinum toxin injections, and occasionally (neuro)surgery. In addition, many patients are referred for paramedical (including allied he
Nonmotor manifestations of dystonia: A systematic review
β Scribed by Daniel J. Kuyper; Veronica Parra; Shanae Aerts; Michael S. Okun; Benzi M. Kluger
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2011
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 139 KB
- Volume
- 26
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0885-3185
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms are increasingly recognized as important determinants of quality of life and disability in a wide range of movement disorders. There is a limited body of research suggesting that many of these symptoms are also commonly associated with primary and other genetic forms of dystonia. However, the significance, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of these symptoms remain poorly described. The following is a review of the literature that focuses primarily on the association of these types of dystonia with psychiatric disorders, cognition, sleep, pain, and autonomic symptoms. We will also discuss potential mechanisms and approaches to treatment for nonmotor features of dystonia. Β© 2011 Movement Disorder Society
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