Noise and Randomness in Living System

✍ Scribed by Sisir Roy, Sarangam Majumdar

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 166
• Edition: 1st ed. 2022
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book illustrates the role of randomness and noise in living organisms. Traditionally, the randomness and noise have been used in understanding signal processing in communications. This book is divided into two sections, the first of which introduces readers to the various types and sources of noise and the constructive role of noise in non-linear dynamics. It also analyses the importance of randomness and noise in a variety of science and engineering applications. In turn, the second section discusses in detail the functional role of noise in biological processes for example, in case of brain function at the level of ion channel, synaptic level and even at cognitive level. These are described in various chapters. One of the challenging issue finding the neuronal correlates of various meditative states is to understand how brain controls various types of noise so as to reach a state of synchronized oscillatory state of the brain corresponding to the state of Samadhi. This is described in details in one chapter called Noise, Coherence and meditation. The concept of noise and the role of randomness in living organism raise lot of controversy for last few decades. This is discussed in a separate chapter. Finally, the epistemic and ontic nature of randomness as discussed in physical science are investigated in the context of living organism.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Noise and Randomness in Science and Engineering
1.2 Stochastic Resonance and Sensory Biology
1.3 Developmental Noise
1.4 Noise in Cellular Communication
1.5 Ion Channel Noise in Biological Systems
1.6 Noise and Coherence in Meditation
1.7 Synthetic Biology and Noise
1.8 Chance, Determinism and Laws of Nature
References
Part I Science and Engineering
2 Noise and Randomness in Science and Engineering
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Representation of Noise
2.3 Different Types of Noise
2.4 Difference Between Classical and Quantum Noise
2.5 Noise Benefit in Quantum Systems
2.6 Discussions
References
3 Various Types of Noise and Their Sources
3.1 Basic Concepts of Noise in Physics
3.1.1 Properties of Noise
3.1.2 Thermal Noise
3.1.3 Short Noise
3.1.4 Excess Noise
3.1.5 Low Frequency Noise
3.2 Quantum Noise
References
4 Constructive Role of Noise and Nonlinear Dynamics
4.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics
4.2 Linear Systems
4.2.1 Linear Systems in 2
4.2.2 Stability Theory
4.2.3 Nonhomogeneous Linear Systems
4.3 Local Theory of Nonlinear Systems
4.3.1 Linearization
4.3.2 Lyapunov Function and Stability
4.4 Global Theory of Nonlinear Systems
4.5 Examples of Nonlinear Systems
4.5.1 Bifurcation of Nonlinear System in 2
4.5.2 Chaotic Systems
4.5.3 Fractals
4.6 Constructive Role of Noise
4.6.1 Noise Benefits in the Context of Living Organisms
References
5 Noise and Synchronization of Oscillatory Networks
5.1 Noise Induced Synchronization
5.2 Stochastic Kuramoto Model
References
Part II Living Systems
6 Stochastic Fluctuations at Cellular and Molecular Level
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Stochastic Partitioning at Cell Division
6.3 Remarks
References
7 Various Types of Noise and Their Sources in Living Organisms
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cellular Noise
7.2.1 Stochastic Gene Expression Model
7.2.1.1 Mathematical Frameworks
7.2.1.2 Transcription Burst Frequency Fluctuations
7.2.1.3 Transcriptional Burst Size Fluctuations
7.2.1.4 Transcriptional Rate Fluctuations
7.3 Neuronal Noise
References
8 Ion Channel Noise in Biological Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Structure and Function of Ion Channel
8.2.1 Some Basic Concepts of Noise Analysis
8.2.2 Channel Noise
8.3 Single Channel Recordings and Channel Noise
8.4 Role of Noise and Cooperativity in Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) Formalism
8.4.1 Clinical Implications of Channel Noise
References
9 Noise in Cellular Communication
9.1 Effect of Noises on Cell Communication
9.1.1 Mathematical Framework
9.1.2 Model Predictions
References
10 The Role of Noise in Brain Function
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Stochastic Resonance and Sensory Biology
10.3 Principle of Least Time and Sum over Histories
10.3.1 40Hz Oscillations and the Concept of Simultaneity
10.3.2 Principle of Least Time
10.3.3 Sum over Histories
10.3.3.1 Phase-Response Properties of Neurons
10.3.3.2 Fisher Information and Noise in Brain
10.4 Possible Implications
References
11 Noise and Gene Oscillators
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Synthetic Gene Oscillators
11.3 Noise Resistance in Genetic Oscillators
11.4 Theory: Time Delayed Genetic Oscillation with Noise
11.4.1 Statistical Analysis
References
12 Developmental Noise and Stability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Source of Developmental Noise
12.2.1 At the Molecular Level
12.2.2 At the Developmental Systems Level
12.2.3 At the Organismal Level
12.3 Mechanisms of Developmental Stability
References
13 Noise and Coherence in Meditation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Various Issues and Limitations in the Current Meditation Research
13.3 Cognitive Process and Oscillatory Rhythm
13.4 States of Meditation and Their Characterization
13.5 Coherence: Spatial and Temporal
13.5.1 Degree of Spatial Coherence
13.5.2 Degree of Temporal Coherence
13.5.3 Sources of Noise
13.5.3.1 Brain Function and Mental Features
13.5.4 Role of Noise in Meditation
13.6 Future Directions
References
14 Chaos, Stochasticity and Noise
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Stochastic Hodgkin–Huxley Equations
14.2.1 Mathematical Framework of Noiseless Hodgkin–Huxley Equation
14.2.2 Langevin Description
14.2.3 Noise Term and Spatial Dependence in the Hodgkin–Huxley Model
14.3 Evidence of Chaos in Hodgkin–Huxley Model
References
15 Chance, Determinism and Laws of Nature
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Chance and Randomness
15.3 Laws of Nature
References