Nicotine dependence mediates the relations between insomnia and both panic and posttraumatic stress disorder in the NCS-R sample

Test of the role of nicotine dependence

Test of the role of nicotine dependence in the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder and panic spectrum problems

✍ Matthew T. Feldner; Rose C. Smith; Kimberly A. Babson; Natalie Sachs-Ericsson; N 📂 Article 📅 2009 🏛 Springer 🌐 English ⚖ 106 KB

## Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co‐occurs with panic spectrum problems. Relatively little empirical work has tested possible mechanisms accounting for this association. Nicotine dependence often ensues subsequent to PTSD onset and research suggests smoking high numbers o