Next Generation Mobile Access Technologies: Implementing TDD

✍ Scribed by Harald Haas, Stephen McLaughlin

• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 416
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Future generations of wireless networks will place great demands on the performance of radio access technology. This book describes the features of various mobile access technologies and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, it describes the underlying principles and practical implementation schemes for time division duplexing (TDD). The book begins with an overview of next generation wireless systems. It then describes the basics of duplex communication modes, interference in cellular systems, and multiple user access techniques. Focusing on TDD systems, dynamic channel assignment algorithms are discussed, as are multi-hop communications schemes, radio resource management, interference cancellation, and smart antennas. Real-world examples from UMTS, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth systems are described. The book is aimed at all those involved in the design and implementation of wireless systems, as well as at graduate students and researchers working in the area of wireless communications. For more information visit www.cambridge.org/9780521826228.

✦ Table of Contents

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of abbreviations......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 15
1.2 The multi-user access......Page 18
1.3 The cellular concept......Page 20
1.4 Modes of channel operation......Page 22
1.5 Objectives of the book......Page 24
1.6 Structure of the book......Page 26
2.1 Introduction......Page 29
2.2.1 Cellular FDMA systems......Page 31
2.2.3 Cellular SDMA systems......Page 33
2.2.4 Cellular CDMA systems......Page 34
2.2.4.1 The uplink in a CDMA system......Page 38
2.2.4.2 The downlink in a CDMA system......Page 42
2.3.1 Channel reciprocity......Page 44
2.3.2 Ad hoc and multihop communication......Page 47
2.3.3 Busy-tone concept......Page 49
2.3.4 Round-trip delays......Page 50
2.3.5 Synchronisation and channel asymmetry......Page 51
2.3.6 The TDD underlay concept......Page 53
2.4 The TDD based air interface in UMTS......Page 59
2.5.1 Fixed channel assignment techniques......Page 60
2.5.2 Dynamic channel assignment techniques......Page 62
2.6 Summary......Page 66
3.1 Introduction......Page 68
3.2.1 Capacity assuming ideal power control......Page 69
3.2.2 Capacity assuming non-ideal power control......Page 72
3.3 Adjacent-channel interference in a CDMA-TDD system......Page 74
3.3.1 Characterisation of adjacent-channel interference......Page 75
3.3.2.1 Propagation model......Page 79
3.3.2.2 Power-control models......Page 82
3.3.2.3 Analytical derivation of the pdf of ACI......Page 83
3.3.2.4 Comparison of analysis approaches......Page 86
3.3.2.5 Capacity results......Page 89
3.3.3 Multiple interfering cells......Page 94
3.3.3.1 Propagation model......Page 95
3.3.3.2 User distribution and handover......Page 96
3.3.3.3 Interference results......Page 98
3.4 Co-channel interference in a CDMA-TDD system......Page 103
3.4.2 Performance metric......Page 104
3.5 Conclusions......Page 107
4.2 TS-opposing technique applied to a single cell......Page 109
4.2.1 System model......Page 110
4.2.2 A simple DCA algorithm......Page 114
4.2.3 Simulation environment......Page 115
4.2.4 Results......Page 116
4.3 TS-opposing technique in a multiple-cell environment......Page 118
4.3.1 System model......Page 119
4.3.2 DCA algorithm......Page 126
4.3.3 Simulation platform......Page 130
4.3.4 Results......Page 134
4.4 Conclusions......Page 147
5.1 Introduction......Page 149
5.2 Problem formulation......Page 150
5.3 TS assignment plan......Page 152
5.4 TS-opposing algorithm......Page 157
5.5 System model......Page 159
5.5.2 Downlink......Page 161
5.5.3 Capacity and Blocking Definitions......Page 162
5.6 Results......Page 164
5.7 Conclusions......Page 169
6 UTRA-TDD Opportunity-Driven Multiple Access (ODMA)......Page 171
6.1 Introduction......Page 172
6.2 UTRA-TDD ODMA Background......Page 174
6.2.1 Features......Page 175
Centralised network lists......Page 176
Local network lists......Page 178
6.2.3 Other work in ODMA......Page 180
6.3.1 Simulation model......Page 182
6.3.2 Characterisation of interference......Page 183
6.3.3 Correlated shadowing......Page 186
Positive Definite Matrices......Page 188
6.4 Capacity Coverage Analysis......Page 189
6.4.1 Simulation model......Page 190
6.4.3 Capacity limitations......Page 192
Transmission Power......Page 195
6.4.4 Results and discussion......Page 196
6.5 Conclusions......Page 198
7.1 Introduction......Page 200
7.2.1 Topologies......Page 201
7.3.1 Path Loss Routing......Page 204
Central routing calculation......Page 205
Routing metric......Page 206
7.4 Interference-based admission control......Page 208
7.5 Congestion-based routing......Page 210
7.5.1 Congestion measures and routing......Page 211
7.5.3 Central congestion metric......Page 212
7.6 Signalling overheads and latency......Page 213
7.7 Results......Page 214
7.7.1 Capacity......Page 215
Two-hop Strategies......Page 216
Multi-hop Strategies......Page 219
7.7.2 Power......Page 221
7.7.3 Network allocation......Page 223
7.8 Conclusions......Page 226
8.2 Combined routing and DCA algorithm......Page 228
8.2.1 Simultaneous routing and resource allocation......Page 229
8.2.2 Time slot allocation......Page 231
8.2.3 A CDMA feasibility condition......Page 234
8.3 Results......Page 237
8.4 Conclusions......Page 239
9 Radio resource metric estimation......Page 242
9.1 Radio resource metric estimation applied to radio resource allocation......Page 243
9.2 Radio resource metric mapping function......Page 245
Channel Characterisation......Page 246
Extracting Burst Information from the Link Level......Page 247
Estimating Link Quality......Page 248
9.2.2 Block error rate (BLER) mapping function and user data throughput......Page 249
9.3.1 WWW Traffic Modelling......Page 250
9.3.2 Multirate transmission operations......Page 251
9.3.3 TDD-CDMA system model and operation for multirate transmission......Page 253
Interference characteristics of WWW service......Page 256
Resource metric mapping function example......Page 258
User data throughput and system throughput comparisons of multirate transmission......Page 265
9.4 Radio resource metric region......Page 269
9.4.1 Power controlled RRA for multimedia CDMA system RRA for W-CDMA......Page 270
RRA for multi carrier CDMA......Page 272
9.4.2 Capacity plane and ADR with systematic error......Page 273
9.4.3 Predictive load-based radio resource metric region......Page 275
Degree of confidence level......Page 277
9.4.4 Multimedia traffic simulation model......Page 278
9.4.5 Examples of radio resource metric region......Page 279
9.5 Conclusions......Page 281
10.2 Motivation......Page 285
10.3 Performance analysis of linear precoding......Page 287
10.4.1 Blockwise techniques......Page 289
10.4.2 Bitwise techniques......Page 291
10.5 Power scaling factor......Page 293
10.6 Joint transmission......Page 295
10.7 Transmitter precoding......Page 297
10.7.1 Unconstrained optimisation......Page 298
10.7.2 Constrained optimisation......Page 299
10.8 Decorrelating preflters jointly optimised sequences......Page 300
10.8.1 Decorrelating prefilters......Page 301
10.8.2 Jointly optimised sequences......Page 302
10.9 Pre-RAKE diversity......Page 303
10.10 Complexity......Page 308
10.11 Other techniques......Page 310
10.12 Simulation results......Page 311
11.1.1 Overview of topic......Page 314
11.1.2 General comments on advantages and drawbacks of smart antenna systems......Page 315
11.2 Channel modelling issues......Page 316
11.2.2 Small-scale propagation effects......Page 317
11.2.4 Complete uplink channel model......Page 320
11.3.1 Shannon's capacity equation......Page 322
11.3.2 Capacity increase with antenna arrays......Page 323
11.3.3 Multi-user capacity increase......Page 324
11.4 Uplink processing algorithms......Page 325
11.4.2 Space-time processing......Page 326
11.4.2.2 Space-time 2D–RAKE receiver......Page 328
11.4.2.3 MMSE combining......Page 329
11.4.2.4 Combined array processing and multi-user detection......Page 330
11.4.3 Uplink algorithm comparisons......Page 331
11.5 Downlink processing algorithms......Page 333
11.5.1 Exploiting uplink channel information for the downlink in TDD......Page 334
11.5.1.1 Downlink transmit diversity......Page 335
11.5.1.2 Downlink beamforming techniques......Page 336
11.5.2 Simulation results and comparisons......Page 338
11.6 Future TDD wireless systems......Page 339
11.6.1 Introduction to OFDM......Page 340
11.6.2 Combining OFDM with spatial multiplexing architectures......Page 341
11.6.3 Capacity comparisons......Page 345
11.7 Discussion and conclusions......Page 347
12.1 Motivation and problems......Page 350
12.2 Interference analysis......Page 351
12.2.1 Power control......Page 352
12.2.2 Fixed transmit power......Page 356
12.3 The busy-tone approach......Page 359
12.4 Delay–Throughput Performance......Page 364
12.4.1 Throughput Performance and Packet Loss......Page 366
12.4.2 Delay Performance......Page 367
12.4.3 Modelling the Effects of Inter-Cell Interference......Page 369
12.5 Numerical Results......Page 372
12.6.2 Busy burst based algorithm......Page 377
12.6.2.1 Link initialisation......Page 378
12.6.2.2 Dynamic subchannel adaptation......Page 381
12.6.3 Benchmark – random subchannel allocation......Page 383
12.6.4 System model......Page 384
12.6.5 Simulation results......Page 386
12.7 Conclusions......Page 389
Appendix 1 Derivation of T: Unconstrained Optimisation......Page 391
Bibliography......Page 392
Index......Page 415