New Wave of Revolutions in the MENA Region: A Comparative Perspective

✍ Scribed by Leonid Issaev, Andrey Korotayev (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 282
• Series: Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book offers a comparative perspective on the new wave of revolutions in the MENA region. Recently, a new wave of revolutions has swept the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, comparable in some respects to the events of the Arab Spring. Revolutionary events have significantly changed the political regimes in Sudan, Algeria and Mali, while Lebanon and Iraq have also witnessed serious revolutionary episodes. Further, a new quality of protests has manifested in Iran, Egypt, Morocco and Jordan.

Presenting a variety of country studies, this book identifies similarities and differences between the events of the Arab Spring and the current upheavals in the MENA region and examines their causes and world-system context. It also analyzes the motivating forces, goals and organizational forms of the protesters and other actors involved, as well as the political and economic consequences of these revolutionary events. Moreover, it seeks to understand why some countries that were actively involved in the Arab Spring have remained largely unaffected by these developments. The book appeals to scholars of political science with a focus on comparative politics, Middle Eastern politics and political sociology.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Acknowledgements
About This Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introduction. New Wave of Revolutions in the MENA Region in the Global Perspective
Revolution is in All the Countries!
Chronicle of Events
Definitions
New Wave of Revolutions in the MENA Region in the Global Perspective: Factors and Peculiarities
Book Organization
References
Sudan’s December Revolution and the Demise of the Al Bashir Regime
The Path Toward the Al Bashir Regime
Political Preconditions of the Revolution
Socio-Economic Preconditions and Triggers of the Revolution
External Factors of the Revolution
Moving Forces of the Revolution and Their Aims
The Course of the Revolutionary Events and Their Results
Concluding Remarks
References
The Crisis of the Rentier State: How the Revolution of Smiles Has Brought Down the Sultanistic Regime in Algeria
Introduction
Usurped Revolution
The Missed Opportunities of a Negotiated Pact Transition
Bouteflika’s Rule: The Investiture of Sultanism
End of Bouteflikism or End of the Regime?
The Inexorable Social Outbreak
The Revolution of Smiles and the Hirak’s Demands
A New Constitution
The Legislative Elections: Plus Ça Change, Plus C’est La Même Chose
The Economy: The Achilles’ Heel of Algeria
Conclusion
References
17 October (2019) Revolution in Lebanon: A Preliminary Analysis
Background: The Taif Agreement and the Second Republic
The Collapse of the Regime and the Role of the Central Bank
Previous Movements
The Groups
The Political Elite and the International Community
Hezbollah
Role of the Army and Security Forces
The 4th of August, 2020
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Revolutionary Protests in Iraq in the Context of Iranian-American Confrontation
Starting Point
Attempts to Use the Protests
The Paradox of Demands
The 2020 Events
A Non-aggression Pact
An Unexpected Compromise
Conclusion
References
Roots of New Wave of Protests in Jordan
References
Tunisia. Revolution of Ballot Boxes?
Introduction
Tunisia After the 2011 Uprising. Transitional Period
“Consensus Politics” Between Modernists and Islamists
2019 Presidential Election
2019 Parliamentary Election
Between Carthage and Bardo
Tunisia After 25 July 2021
Conclusion
References
Egyptian Protests 2019: Harbingers of a New Revolution?
Protests and Political Legitimacy
Understanding the Causes of 2019 Protests
Enhancing Government’s Inclusion And Popularity
Providing Security and Delivering Services
Provision of Security and Combating Terrorism
Maintaining Social Safety Net for the Poor
Extending the Reach of the Health Services
Shared Belief In Strong Man
Conclusion
References
Revolutionary Events in Mali, 2020–2021
Socio-political Development of Mali Since Independence till Internal Destabilization of 2011–2012
Arab Spring as a Trigger of New Revolutionary Events in Mali
National-Separatist and Islamist Revolutions in Mali as Consequences of the Arab Spring
Military Coup (Unsuccessful Revolution Analogue?) of 2012 in Mali as a Consequence of the Arab Spring
Ibrahim Boubacar Keita’s Presidency
Revolution/Coup-volution of 2020 and the Coup d’état of 2021
Conclusion
References
Sanctions and the Socio-Economic Roots of Iran’s Domestic Instability (2010–2020)
Introduction
Sanctions and Green Movement (2009–2010)
The JCPOA and Its Importance for the Iranian Economy
Iran’s Protests of 2017–2018
New Waves of Protests in Iran
Conclusion
References
Why Has the Recent Wave of Revolutions in the MENA Region Missed Kuwait and Bahrain?
Introduction
Political Development in Bahrain and Kuwait: a Historical Dimension
2011 Uprisings in Kuwait and Bahrain
Political Situation in Bahrain and Kuwait After the Arab Spring
Conclusion
References
Conclusion. New Wave of Middle Eastern Revolutionary Events in the World System Context
Introduction
On the Waves of Revolutionary Events of the Twenty-First Century and Revolutionary Process in the Afrasian Macrozone of Instability
About Revolution and Reconfiguration of the World System
On the Impact of Revolutionary Events in the Afrasian Instability Macrozone on the World System
References