Contrary to seawater desalination where water recovery rates of about 50% are optimal, waste water treatment processes must achieve very high water recovery rates since all disposal methods for the concentrate are very cost intensive. An established solution for waste water treatment is the combinat
New techniques for extreme conditions: high temperature reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
✍ Scribed by Michael J.H. Snow; Dirk de Winter; Robert Buckingham; Jeff Campbell; J. Wagner
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1996
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 349 KB
- Volume
- 105
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0011-9164
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
New techniques for operating spiral-wound membranes at temperatures as high as 90°C have been welcomed by users in the pharmaceutical, biotech, electronics, power plant, food production, and similar industries. The performance characteristics of Duratherm ® reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration elements at high temperature are described. The advantages include hot water sanitizing, flux enhancement, and heat recovery. Process economics are reviewed.
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