iral and bacterial infections may enter the organism in various ways and the immunological effector mechanisms necessary for the efficient control of an infectious agent are dependent upon these distinct routes (Table 1). One important route used by a large number of pathogens is local infection via
Neutrophil chloramines: missing links between innate and acquired immunity
β Scribed by Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 372 KB
- Volume
- 18
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0167-5699
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Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens and noxious stimuli. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential innate immune receptors that alert the immune system to the presence of invading microbes. Emerging evidence shows that TLR signaling is important in allo
## Conclusions Comparative studies of immunology will benefit not only aquaculture: by looking back in evolution, we move forward in our understanding of the immune processes of all taxa. The meeting was sponsored by NSF, OECD, USDA and USEPA. Abstracts have been published in Developmental and Com