Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy: Basics, Trends and Applications (Lecture Notes in Physics, 601)

✍ Scribed by Ferenc Mezei (editor), Catherine Pappas (editor), Thomas Gutberlet (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 331
• Edition: 2003
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy is the highest energy resolution neutron scattering technique available for examining a large area (in time and space) in condensed matter physics. This broad dynamic and spatial range is extensively exploited in the study of a wide range of scientific problems ranging from the dynamics of glasses, polymer melts, complex fluids and microemulsions to the elementary excitations in superfluid ⁴He and to ferromagnets and spin glasses. This book reviews the current status and future prospects in NSE spectroscopy describing the method, latest instrumentation and also the use of NSE in fundamental, hard- and soft-matter science. It provides first-hand information for researchers working in the fields touched by NSE. In addition, young researchers, PhD students and graduates interested in the method will obtain a comprehensive overview and guidelines to implementing the NSE technique.

✦ Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Introduction
1 Principles of Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
2 Approximations, Resolution Effects and Data Reduction
3 Magnetic Scattering Effects
References
Chapter 3
Introduction
Resolution
Intensity
Coupling of Intensity and Resolution
Dynamical Range
1 Time-of-Flight Neutron Spin Echo
1.1 Beam Requirements
1.2 Detection
1.3 Echo Requirements
1.4 Q,t Space
2 A Practical Example
3 Perspectives and Limitations
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4
Introduction
1 General Description of the Spectrometer – Time-of-Flight Configuration
2 Neutron Spin Echo Configuration
3 Neutron Optics
4 Combination of NSE and TOF: Deuterated Atactic Polypropylene
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5
Introduction
1 Instrument Design
2 Neutron Polarization Changes
3 Neutron Spin Echo
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6
Introduction
1 Compact Neutron Spin Echo Unit
2 Neutron Spin Echo Focusing
3 Quasielastic Scattering from Water
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7
Introduction
1 Modified Neutron Spin Echo
2 Main Spectrometer Specifications
3 Dynamics of Magnetic Flux Inhomogeneities in Y-Ba-Cu-O Ceramics
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8
Introduction
1 Basic Principles of Spin Echo Phonon Focusing
1.1 Spectrometer Tuning Conditions
2 The NRSE-TAS at BENSC Berlin
2.1 Example: TA Phonon in Lead
References
Chapter 9
Introduction
1 Angle and/or Wavelength Encoding with Larmor Precession
1.1 Spin Echo Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SESANS)
1.2 Neutron Reflectometry
1.3 High-Resolution Larmor Diffraction
2 SESANS
3 High Resolution Larmor Diffraction
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 10
Introduction
1 Options to Realize Inclined Faces
1.1 Triangular Shaped Pole Shoes
1.2 Magnetized Foil
1.3 Neutron Spin Resonance Precession with Step DC Field
1.4 Neutron Spin Resonance Precession with a White Neutron Spectrum
2 Technical Details for Homogeneous Field Line Integrals
2.1 Eliminating the x-Components of the Fields
2.2 Correcting the Line Integral
2.3 Using Neutron Spin Resonance Precession as a pi-Flipper
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 11
Introduction
1 Treatment of Inelastic Scattering Spin Echo by Larmor Precession
2 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of NSE and Inelastic Scattering
3 Semi-classical (Ray Tracing) Discussion of Inelastic Scattering NSE
4 Phonon Focusing
5 Phonon Focusing in the Space-Time View
Conclusions
References
Chapter 12
Introduction
1 Basic Formulation
2 Spin Echo ‘Quasi–Distribution’ Functions
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 13
Introduction
1 NSE as an Interference Phenomenon
1.1 Modulation of the Neutron Beam Spectrum by the Neutron Spin Precession in the Transverse Magnetic Field
1.2 NSE Spectrometer and NSE Signal
2 Modulation of the Spectra by Two Moving Diffraction Gratings
3 Neutron Speed Echo Spectrometer
4 The Limit of Geometric Optics
5 Space-Time Description of a Neutron Speed Echo Spectrometer
6 Comparison of NSE and NSPE Spectrometers
6.1 Influence of the Beam Divergence
7 Triple Axis Spectrometers with the NSPE Option
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 14
Introduction
1 Interaction Time of Neutrons with an Object and the Larmor Clock
2 Experiment for the Measurement of the Delay Time in Refraction
3 Direct Measurement of the Neutron Interaction Time with Quantum Objects
4 Neutron Spin Precession and Phase Contrast Imaging with Very Slow Neutrons
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 15
Introduction
1 ZETA: NRSE + Three Axis at ILL
1.1 Description of ZETA
2 RESEDA: NRSE at FRM-II
3 Proposal of a High Resolution NRSE Spectrometer
3.1 Correction of Beam Divergence in NSE and NRSE
3.2 Path Length Variations on Imaging
4 MIEZE and Its Applications
4.1 MIEZE Principle – Classical Picture
4.2 MIEZE Principle – Quantum Mechanical Picture
4.3 The MIEZE-II Spectrometer
4.4 Multi-level MIEZE
5 Multi-angle Analysis for MUSES at LLB
6 Neutron Computer Holography
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 16
1 Future Needs
1.1 Requirements Imposed by the New Neutron Sources
2 Requirements and Generic Design
2.1 Next Generation Instruments
3 Limitations and Open Questions
References
Chapter 17
Introduction
1 Flux Lines and Their Motion in Superconductors
2 The Experimental Arrangement
2.1 Sample and Sample Environment
2.2 NSE Setup
3 Theory and Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18
Introduction
1 NSE and TOF Experiments
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19
Introduction
1 Theory and Background
1.1 Static Critical Properties
1.2 Dynamic Properties [12]
1.3 Dynamic Scaling
1.4 Mode-Mode Coupling Theory
2 Experiments and Data Analysis
2.1 Brillouin Doublet and Spin Echo Measurements
2.2 Rayleigh Component
3 Hydrodynamics and Critical Dynamics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 20
1 Soft Matter Systems
2 The NSE Signal
3 Linear Polymers
4 Block Copolymers
5 More Complicated Polymer Architectures
6 Microemulsions
7 Glasses
8 Biology
References
Chapter 21
1 Glass Forming Polymers
1.1 Structure: The Relevance of Neutron Scattering
1.2 Dynamical Processes in Glass Forming Polymers

2.1 The Supercooled Liquid State

Conclusions
References
Chapter 22
Introduction
1 Theory of Collective Polymer Dynamics
2 SANS and NSE Experiments
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 23
1 Microgels
2 Materials, Preparation and Methods
3 Theory
4 NSE Experiments: Results and Discussion
4.1 Low Cross-Linker Concentration
4.2 High Cross-Linker Concentration
Conclusions
References
Chapter 24
1 Amphiphilic Microemulsions
2 The Zilman-Granek Theory
3 NSE Experimental Results
(A) 2D C_{12}E 5/Water/n-Octane Ternary System [18,19,20,21,22,23,24]
(B) 2D DPPC/Water/Cacl_2 Quasi-binary Lipid System
(C) 1D C_16E 7/Water Binary System [26,27]
(D) 2D AOT/Water/n-Decane Ternary System [28,29,30]
4 Analysis and Determination of Bending Modulus and Viscosity
4.1 Analysis in Terms of Other Theories
4.2 Bending Modulus and Viscosity
4.3 Prospect for Future Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Chapter 25
1 Polymer Doped Surfactant Bilayers
2 SANS and NSE Experiments
3 Static Elastic and Dynamic Properties
3.1 Static Elastic Properties
3.2 Dynamics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 26
Introduction
1 Neutron Resonance Spin Echo Spectrometry
1.1 The Classical Description
1.2 The Spectrometer MUSES
2 Study of Myoglobin Diffusion with NRSE
2.1 Concentration Dependence of the Di.usion Coe.cient
2.2 Deviations from Stokesian Diffusion Regime
Conclusions
References