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Neuroradiology: A Case-Based Guide

✍ Scribed by Swati Goyal

Publisher
CRC Press
Year
2020
Tongue
English
Leaves
223
Edition
1
Category
Library
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✦ Synopsis

This book covers the complete gamut of neuroradiology cases, including normal anatomy, pitfalls, and artifacts across the brain and spine in a single volume, enriched with high-resolution images that support the interpretation of CT and MRI images of the brain, spine, head, and neck. It includes case studies commonly encountered in clinical practice, in addition to normal anatomy, that prepare the reader for the challenges in the clinical setting. Each case study discusses the clinical history, relevant imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and management, serving as a helpful read for trainee radiologists, neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, and CT/MRI technicians, along with physicians interested in medical imaging.

Key Features

    • Provides a succinct overview of normal variants with case studies structured into thematic chapters

    • Serves as a basic accompaniment for radiology residents, fellows, practicing radiologists, neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, emergency medicine practitioners, trainee and practicing radiographers, and those studying for Board exams

    • Highlights the relevance of artificial intelligence in clinical practice

    ✦ Table of Contents

    Cover
    Half Title
    Title Page
    Copyright Page
    Dedication
    Table of Contents
    Preface
    Acknowledgments
    About the Author
    Abbreviations
    Chapter 1 Normal Brain Development and Congenital Malformations
    Case Studies
    Chiari Malformations
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs of Tonsillar Herniation
    Management
    Lissencephaly
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Gray Matter Heterotopias
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Ancillary
    Schizencephaly (Split Brain)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Holoprosencephaly
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ancillary
    Corpus Callosum Agenesis (CCA)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Hemimegalencephaly
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Perisylvian Syndrome (Opercular Syndrome, Perisylvian Polymicrogyria, Worster-Drought Syndrome)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE/Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Porencephalic Cyst
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Dandy-Walker Malformation
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Joubert’s Syndrome
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 2 Vascular Anatomy
    Internal Carotid Artery – Segments and Their Branches
    Variants of ICA
    Carotid-Vertebrobasilar Anastomoses
    Persistent Stapedial Artery (PSA)
    Aberrant ICA
    Imaging
    DDs
    Normal Variants
    Cerebral Arteries
    Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
    Variants and Anomalies
    Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
    Variants
    Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
    Variants
    Vertebrobasilar System
    Vertebral Artery
    Basilar Artery
    Variants
    Venous Anatomy
    Dural Sinuses
    Unpaired Sinuses
    Paired Sinuses
    Superficial Cortical Veins
    Deep Cerebral Veins
    Variants and Pitfalls
    Stroke
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Stroke in Children
    Etiology
    Stroke Mimics
    Intracranial AneurYsms
    Etiology
    Intracranial Vascular Malformations
    Case Studies
    ICA Aneurysm
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ruptured ACom Aneurysm
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ancillary
    Basilar Tip Aneurysm
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Cavernoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Developmental Venous Anomaly (DVA)/Venous Angioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Complication
    Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Vein of Galen Malformation
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Cirsoid Aneurysm of Scalp (Plexiform Angioma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Anterior Cerebral Artery Infarct
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarct
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarct
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Artery of Percheron Infarct
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Infarct – Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg Syndrome)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Watershed (Border Zone) Infarct
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Lacunar Infarct
    Causes
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Pitfalls
    Management
    Venous Infarct with Dural Sinus Thrombosis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Moyamoya Disease
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Cortical Laminar Necrosis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ancillary
    Fetal Origin of Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
    Persistent Trigeminal Artery (PTA)
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 3 Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)
    Perinatal Hemorrhage
    Preterm Infants
    Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage (GMH)
    Imaging
    Term Infants
    Traumatic Extracranial Hemorrhage
    Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
    Non-Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
    Adults
    Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
    Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH) vs. Extradural Hemorrhage (EDH) and Cerebral Herniation
    Case Studies
    Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Epidural Hemorrhage
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs (Pseudo SAH)
    Management
    Hemorrhagic Parenchymal Contusions
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Hypertensive Hemorrhage
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Non-Accidental Injury (NAI) (Battered Child Syndrome, Shaken Infant Syndrome)
    Imaging
    DDs
    Depressed Skull Fracture
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Leptomeningeal Cyst (Growing Skull Fracture)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 4 Radiology of Brain Tumors
    Analytical Approach
    Age Distribution
    Location
    Edema
    Midline Crossing Lesions
    Multifocal/Multiple Tumors
    Signal Characteristics
    Tumors with High Density on CT Scan
    Fat
    Calcification
    Low SI on T2WI
    High Signal Intensity on T1
    Enhancement Pattern
    Little/No Enhancement
    Ring Enhancement
    Recent Additions to the WHO Classification of Tumors
    MVNT (Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor) of the Cerebrum
    Imaging
    DDs
    Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor
    Tumor Mimics
    Imaging
    Long-Term Complications of Chemo-/Radiotherapy
    Classification
    Supratentorial Tumors
    Primary Brain Tumors
    Hematopoietic Tumors
    MEningeal and Mesenchymal Tumors
    Pineal Region Tumors
    Miscellaneous
    Secondary Brain Tumors (Metastasis)
    Infratentorial Tumors
    Case Studies
    Glioblastoma Multiforme
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Oligodendroglioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Meningioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Locations
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Cerebello-Pontine Angle (CPA) Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma/ Vestibular Schwannoma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Pituitary Adenoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Microadenomas
    Macroadenomas
    Pituitary Apoplexy
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Craniopharyngioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Epidermoid Cyst
    Clinical
    Location
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Central Neurocytoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Medulloblastoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Pineoblastoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Choroid Plexus Papilloma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Colloid Cyst
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Rathke’s Cleft Cyst
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Hemangioblastoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Brainstem Glioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors (DNET)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Intracranial Lipoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cyst
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    CNS Metastasis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 5 Infections and Inflammatory Diseases
    Congenital Brain Infections
    Clinical
    Imaging and DDs
    Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Organism–Specific Imaging Features
    Complications
    DDs
    Management
    Subdural Empyema with Cerebral Abscess
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Otogenic Brain Abscess
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ancillary
    Cerebral Abscess
    Imaging and DDs
    Neurocysticercosis (NCC)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Locations
    DDs
    Management
    Tuberculoma
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Herpes Encephalitis
    Clinically
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 6 Disorders Affecting White and Gray Matter: Normal Myelination
    Classification
    Demyelinating Disorders
    Dysmyelination Disorders (Leukodystrophies)
    Imaging
    Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Krabbe Disease (Globoid Leukodystrophy)
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Alexander Disease
    Imaging
    Canavan’s Disease
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Phenylketonuria (PKU)
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Homocystinuria
    Glutaric Aciduria
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)
    Disorders Primarily Affecting Gray Matter (GM)
    Tay-Sachs Disease
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)
    MPS 1 (Hurler’s Syndrome)
    Glycogen Storage Diseases
    Mucolipidoses and Fucosidoses
    Disorders Affecting Both Gray and White Matter
    Leigh’s Syndrome
    Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome
    Imaging
    Basal Ganglia Disorders
    Primary NeuroDegenerative Conditions
    Etiology
    Case Studies
    Multiple Sclerosis
    LABORATORY Findings
    Imaging
    DDs
    Variants of MS
    Management
    Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Alzheimer’s Disease
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Fahr’s Disease (Familial Brain Calcification)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Hallervordern-Spatz Disease (Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, PKAN)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia-Hemichorea-Hemiballismus (NKHHH Diabetic Striatrophy)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 7 CSF Circulation and Disorders
    Sources of CSF Production
    CSF Drainage
    CSF Absorption
    Ventricles
    Lateral Ventricles
    CSF Flow Pathway
    Cisterns
    CSF Flow Artifacts
    Normal Variants
    Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles
    Case Studies
    Hydrocephalus
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Types
    DDs
    Ancillary
    Imaging
    Management
    Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Benign Enlargement of Subarachnoid Spaces in Infancy (BESSI)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 8 Phakomatoses (Neurocutaneous Syndromes)
    Other Neurocutaneous Syndromes
    Case Studies
    Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1, von Recklinghausen Disease)
    External Lesions
    Brain Lesions
    Ocular/Orbital Lesions
    Spinal Cord/Nerves
    Osseous Manifestations
    Vascular Lesions
    Neurofibromatosis Type 2
    Brain
    Spine
    Segmental Neurofibromatosis
    Tuberosus Sclerosis (TS, Bourneville Disease)
    Brain Lesions
    Additional Lesions
    Extracranial Lesions
    Sturge-Weber Syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    CNS Lesions
    Non-CNS Lesions
    Management
    Von Hippel-Landau (VHL) Syndrome
    Imaging
    DDs
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 9 Abnormal Skull
    Congenital Lesions
    Lacunar Skull (Luckenschadel)
    Sinus Pericranii
    Intracranial Calcifications
    Skull Erosions
    Neoplastic
    Non-Neoplastic
    Hyperostosis
    Localized
    Generalized
    Skull Base and Its Foramina
    Applied Radiology
    Applied Radiology
    Applied Radiology
    Cranial Nerves
    Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
    Optic Nerve (CN II)
    Applied Radiology
    Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
    Applied Radiology
    Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
    Applied Radiology
    Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
    Applied Radiology
    Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
    Applied Radiology
    Facial Nerve (CN VII)
    Applied Radiology
    Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
    Applied Radiology
    Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
    Vagus Nerve (CN X)
    Applied Radiology
    Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
    Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
    Case Studies
    Craniosynostosis (Craniostenosis, Sutural Synostosis, or Cranial Dysostosis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Persistent Metopic Suture (Metopism/Sutura Frontalis Persistans)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Frontoethmoidal (Sincipital) Encephalocele
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Peripheral Facial Paralysis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Skull Base (Clival) Chordoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 10 Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies
    Craniometry
    External Craniocervical Ligaments
    Internal Craniocervical Ligaments
    Anomalies of Occiput
    Condylus Tertius (Third Occipital Condyle)
    Condylar Hypoplasia
    Hypoplasia of the Basiocciput
    Atlanto-Occipital Assimilation/Occipitalization of the Atlas
    Anomalies of Atlas
    Anomalies of Axis
    Congenital Malformations
    Klippel-Feil Syndrome
    Acquired Disorders
    Trauma
    Flexion Injuries
    Extension Injuries
    Lateral Flexion Injuries
    Miscellaneous
    Atlantoaxial Subluxation
    Etiology
    Imaging
    Occipital Condyle Fracture
    Basilar Invagination
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Os Odontoideum
    Imaging and DDs
    Ancillary
    Odontoid Fracture
    Clinical
    Imaging and DDs
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 11 Congenital Anomalies
    Normal Anatomy
    Lipomyelocele
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Ancillary
    Diastematomyelia
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Caudal Regression Syndrome
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 12 Acquired Diseases
    Normal Anatomy
    Ligaments
    Cervical Spine
    Anterior Elements
    Posterior Elements
    Spinal Canal
    Thoracolumbar Spine
    MRI Features
    SI of Intervertebral Discs (IVDs)
    Spinal Lesions
    Case Studies
    Disc Herniation with Extrusion
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Vertebral Hemangioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Pott’s Spine (Tuberculous Spondylitis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Transverse Myelitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Burst Fractures
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Spondylolisthesis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Brachial Plexus Injury with Traumatic Pseudomeningocele
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Spinal Schwannoma (Neurinoma/Neurilemmoma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Dural Ectasia
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Spinal Dural AVF (Arteriovenous Fistula)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Hangman’s Fracture (Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of Axis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Vertebral Metastasis with Cord Compression
    Clinical
    Imaging and DDs
    Other Differentials
    Ancillary
    Tarlov Cyst (Perineural Cyst)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Myxopapillary Ependymoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Primary Lymphoma of Spine
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 13 Orbit
    Boundaries of the Orbit
    Major Apertures
    Globe (Ocular Space)
    Orbit and Optic Nerve Sheath Complex
    Conal-Intraconal Area
    Extraconal Area
    Orbital Appendages
    Case Studies
    Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Orbital Pseudotumor
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Optic Neuritis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Retinoblastoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Optic Nerve Glioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Choroidal Melanoma (Uveal Melanoma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Orbital Blow-Out Fracture
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Ancillary
    Cavernous Hemangioma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 14 Neck
    Neck Spaces of Supra- and Infrahyoid Region and Fascial Layers
    Visceral Space
    Retropharyngeal Space (RPS)
    Prevertebral Space (PVS)
    Perivertebral Space
    Parapharyngeal Space (PPS)
    Pharyngeal Mucosal Space (PMS)
    Carotid Space (CS)/Post-Styloid PPS, Carotid Sheath
    Masticator Space (MS)
    Parotid Space
    Buccal Space
    Sublingual Space (SLS)/Floor of Mouth
    Submandibular Space (SMS)
    Vascular Structures of the Neck
    Branches of the External Carotid Artery
    Salivary Glands
    Lymph Nodes of the Neck
    Larynx
    Thyroid
    Case Studies
    Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (TGDC)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Other Types of Branchial Cleft Cysts
    Cystic Hygroma (Nuchal Lymphangioma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Laryngocele
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Calcific Longus Colli Tendonitis (Retropharyngeal/Acute Calcific Prevertebral Tendonitis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Retropharyngeal Abscess (RPA)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Complications
    DDs
    Management
    Carotid Body Tumor
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Laryngeal Carcinoma
    Supraglottic Carcinoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Glottic Carcinoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Subglottic Carcinoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Management
    Management
    Submandibular Duct Calculi (Sialolithiasis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Pleomorphic Adenoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ranula
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 15 Ear, Nose, and Paranasal Sinus
    Ear
    Congenital Anomalies
    External and Middle Ear
    Inner Ear
    Pulsatile Tinnitus
    Normal Vascular Variants
    Pathological Causes
    Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
    Maxillary Sinus
    OstEomeatal Complex or Unit (OMC/OMU)
    Ethmoid Sinus
    Frontal Sinus
    Sphenoid Sinus
    Normal Anatomical Variations
    Chronic Otitis Media with Mastoiditis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Cholesteatoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs (Location-Specific)
    Management
    Cholesterol Granuloma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Antrochoanal Polyp
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Frontoethmoidal Mucocele
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Osteomeatal Unit (OMU) Pattern Obstructive Sinusitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    Chronic Sinusitis
    Management
    Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Frontal (Ivory) Osteoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB, Olfactory Neuroblastoma)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ameloblastoma (Adamantinoma of the Jaw)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Ancillary
    Thornwaldt Cyst
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Rhinolith (Nasal Calculi)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Suggested Reading
    Chapter 16 Miscellaneous
    Epilepsy
    Types
    Focal (Partial)
    Generalized
    Etiology
    Epilepsy Protocol
    Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) (Hippocampal Sclerosis)
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    Empty Sella
    Clinical
    Imaging
    DDs
    Management
    AI in Radiology
    What AI Can Do
    What AI Cannot Do
    Suggested Reading
    Index

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