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Natural organic acids promoted Beckmann rearrangement: Green and expeditious synthesis of amides under solvent-free conditions

✍ Scribed by Rohokale, Sandeep Vasantrao; Kote, Santosh Rajaram; Deshmukh, Santosh Rangnath; Thopate, Shankar Ramchandra

Book ID
125406628
Publisher
Versita
Year
2014
Tongue
English
Weight
118 KB
Volume
68
Category
Article
ISSN
0366-6352

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✦ Synopsis

Naturally occurring organic acids are reported to be highly efficient promoters of the Beckmann rearrangement. Citric, oxalic, tartaric, malic, succinic, malonic, and fumaric acids efficiently promote the Beckmann rearrangement under solvent-free conditions and thermal and microwave irradiation. Tartaric acid was found to be the best promoter of the Beckmann rearrangement under conventional conditions as well as under microwave irradiation. Compared with conventional heating, microwave irradiation provides higher reaction rate and slightly higher yields.

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## Abstract It is described that sulfamic acid can be utilized as an effective and green catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepines in high yields from the solvent‐free condensation of o‐phenylenediamine (**1**) and ketones (**2**). Β© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:354–358,