NATO’s Burden-Sharing Disputes: Past, Present and Future Prospects

✍ Scribed by Tommi Koivula, Heljä Ossa

• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 206
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book states that burden-sharing is one of the most persisting sources for tension and disagreement within NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). It also belongs to one of the most studied issues within NATO with distinguishable traditions and schools of thought. However, this pertinent question has been rarely discussed extensively by academics. The key idea of the book is to make burden-sharing more understandable as a historical, contemporary and future phenomenon. The authors take a comprehensive look at what is actually meant with burden-sharing and how it has evolved as a concept and a real-life phenomenon through the 70 years of NATO’s existence.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
1 Introduction
“Continuous and Effective Self-Help and Mutual Aid”
Why a Book on NATO’s Burden-Sharing Disputes
Political and Academic Understandings of Burden-Sharing
Outline of This Volume
References
2 On Burden-Sharing
Empirical Considerations: The Ever-Developing Burden-Sharing Debate
Indicator of NATO’s State
From Cost-Sharing to Risk-Sharing
Theoretical Considerations of Burden-Sharing
Rationalist Approaches
Post-positivist Approaches
The Approach of This Volume
Combining Positivist and Post-positivist Approaches
The Arrow and Cycle of Burden-Sharing Disputes in Five Tracks of Inquiry
References
3 Burden-Sharing During the Cold War
The Road to NATO
The Treaties of Dunkirk and Brussels
The Creation of NATO in the Aftermath of the Berlin Blockade
Soviet Contraction and Expansion
The Korean War as an Embodiment of the East–West Divide
From Massive Retaliation to Flexible Response Strategy
“The Second Cold War”
US Retrenchment and Renewal
Early Burden-Sharing Debates: Trust Issues and Economic Hardship
Mansfield Resolutions—The Culmination of Burden-Sharing Debate in the 1960s
The Turbulent 1970s
Burden-Sharing in the 1980s: Lots of Talk, Few Results
European Passivity and Activity
The Failure of European Defence Community
European Passivity Challenges the Cohesion of the Alliance
NATO and Ally-Led Military Operations
Summary
References
4 Burden-Sharing in the Post-Cold War Era
Adapting to the New Security Order
The Shift to Crisis Management
Out-of-Area or Out-of-Business
Russian Contraction and Expansion
The Impact of the Enlargement Process on Russia-NATO Relations
From Contraction to Renewed Expansion
US Retrenchment and Renewal
Phase One: Retrenchment in the Absence of a Major Threat
Phase Two: 9/11 and the Renewed Foreign Policy Activity
Phase Three: Retrenchment and War-Fatigue
European Passivity and Activity
European Passivity: Declining Defence Budgets
European Activity: Steps Towards Institutionalised Security and Defence Cooperation
NATO and Ally-Led Military Operations
The Yugoslav Wars: NATO in Bosnia and Kosovo
The War in Afghanistan
The Invasion in Iraq
The Libyan Civil War
Summary
References
5 The Changing Landscape of Burden-Sharing Since 2014
The Watershed Year of 2014
Russian Contraction and Expansion
Hybrid Tools in Russia’s Foreign Policy
Different Threat Perceptions Among the Allies
US Retrenchment and Renewal
Sustained Commitment Despite Retrenchment Tendencies
The Impact of Estranged Transatlantic Relations on Burden-Sharing
European Passivity and Activity
European “Strategic Autonomy”
Is Germany Ready to Lead?
NATO and Ally-Led Military Operations
Emerging Drivers: The Increasing Complexity of NATO’s Security Environment
Transactionalism in Transatlantic Relations
The Rise of China in NATO’s Burden-Sharing Discussion
The Emergence of Societal Resilience to Burden-Sharing Agenda
Summary
References
6 Historical Dynamics of Burden-Sharing
How Did We End Up Here? Summary of the Evolution of Burden-Sharing Disputes
The Cold War
The Post-Cold War Years
The Post-Crimean Security Environment
Arrow and Cycle of Burden-Sharing Disputes
Arrow of Disputes
Cycle of Disputes
Summary
References
7 Reflections on the Future Prospects of Burden-Sharing Disputes
Mapping NATO’s Future Burden-Sharing Agenda
Arrowness and Cyclicality of Disputes
What Will Tomorrow’s Burden-Sharing Disputes Be About?
Four Future Scenarios of Burden-Sharing Disputes
Can Burden-Sharing Disputes Terminate NATO?
Notes on the Research Process
(Not) a Final Word
References
Index