Nations and Citizens in Yugoslavia and the Post-Yugoslav States: One Hundred Years of Citizenship

✍ Scribed by Igor Štiks

• Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
• Year: 2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 242
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Between 1914 and the present day the political makeup of the Balkans has relentlessly changed, following unpredictable shifts of international and internal borders. Between and across these borders various political communities were formed, co-existed and (dis)integrated.
By analysing one hundred years of modern citizenship in Yugoslavia and post-Yugoslav states, Igor Štiks shows that the concept and practice of citizenship is necessary to understand how political communities are made, un-made and re-made. He argues that modern citizenship is a tool that can be used for different and opposing goals, from integration and re-unification to fragmentation and ethnic engineering.
The study of citizenship in the ‘laboratory’ of the Balkands offers not only an original angle to narrate an alternative political history, but also an insight into the fine mechanics and repeating glitches of modern politics, applicable to multinational states in the European Union and beyond.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements
Introduction: A Balkan Laboratory of Citizenship
A century of dis/integrations
Citizenship and citizenship regime
In Yugoslavia, and after: Citizenship as research field, citizenship as battlefield
Citizenship as a political history of Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslav states
Part 1: From National Integration to the First Disintegration
1 Brothers United: The Making of Yugoslavs
Brothers as aliens: From Yugoslavism to Yugoslavia
Brothers as citizens: The belated birth of Yugoslav citizenship
Precarious birth, fragile existence and the brutal death of the first Yugoslavia
2 Revolutionary Brothers: The Communist Formula for Yugoslavia
Yugoslav communists: Solving the national question
Wartime: Enemies or brothers?
From brothers in arms to federated citizens
Part 2: From Socialist Re-Integration to the Second Disintegration
3 Brothers Re-United! Federal Citizenship in Socialist Yugoslavia
Centralist federalism, 1945–1967
Bifurcated citizenship
Self-management, decentralization and citizenship
4 Brothers as Partners: Centrifugal Federalism, Confederal Citizenship and Complicated Partnership
Centrifugal federalism, 1967–1974
From federal to confederal citizenship
Broken partnership: From confederal citizenship towards crisis
5 The Bridges Over the Miljacka: The Long Farewell to Yugoslav Citizenship
Yugoslavism: Fading of an idea
Yugoslavia: Only a matter of interests?
Code red: Turning citizens into enemies
Part 3: From Nationalist Disintegration to War
6 Partners into Competitors: Divisive Democracy and Conflicting Conceptions of Citizenship
Democracy and nationalism
Citizens as voters: Democratize and divide
A secret handshake between nationalism and electoral democracy
7 Where is My State? Citizenship as a Factor in Yugoslavia’s Disintegration
So, why did it happen?
Relevant factors of Yugoslavia’s disintegration
The citizenship factor
8 Enemies: Citizenship as a Trigger of Violence
The dark side of 1989: Violence in post-socialist Europe
Triggers of violence: Citizenship, borders and territories, and the role of the federal military
Conclusion: The price of war
Part 4: From Ethnic Engineering to European Re-Integration?
9 From Equal Citizens to Unequal Groups: The Post-Yugoslav Citizenship Regimes
The citizenship conundrum in post-socialist Europe
Ethnic engineering after Yugoslavia: The included, the invited, the excluded and the self-excluded
Enemies into neighbours: Unconsolidated and overlapping citizenship regimes
Concluding remarks: From ethnic engineering to ethnic democracies
10 Partners Again? The European Union and the Post-Yugoslav Citizens
The EU’s direct and limited influences
Five ways to (mis)manage the post-Yugoslav citizenship regimes
Partners, or just neighbours?
Epilogue: The Citizenship Argument – Why Are We in This Together?
Notes
Bibliography
Index