Nanostructured titanium dioxide in photocatalysis

✍ Scribed by It-Meng Low

• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 335
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Part I: Introduction and Background
Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Literature Review
1.2.1: Crystal Structure of TiO2
1.2.1.1: Anatase
1.2.1.2: Rutile
1.2.1.3: Brookite
1.2.2: TiO2 Band Gap, Doping, and Modifying
1.2.2.1: Ion-implantation method
1.2.2.2: Sol–gel doping and other methods
1.2.2.3: Mixed titania phases: Heterojunction (heterostructure)
1.2.3: Kinetics of TiO2 Phase Transformation
1.2.3.1: Temperature
1.2.3.2: Calcination time
1.2.3.3: Heating rate
1.2.3.4: Atmospheres
1.2.3.5: Impurities, presence of foreign elements, or doping
1.2.3.6: Synthesis method
1.2.3.7: Particle/grain size
1.2.3.8: Surface area
1.2.4: Nanostructured TiO2
1.2.4.1: Zero-dimensional nanostructures
1.2.4.2: One-dimensional nanostructures
1.2.4.3: Two-dimensional nanostructures
1.2.4.4: Three-dimensional nanostructures
1.2.5: Synthesis Methods of Nanostructured TiO2
1.2.5.1: Sol–gel
1.2.5.2: Hydrothermal method
1.2.5.3: Template method
1.2.5.4: Chemical vapor deposition
1.2.5.5: Layer-by-layer method
1.2.5.6: Anodization method
1.2.5.7: Electrospinning method
1.2.6: Taguchi Method
Part II: Methodologies
Chapter 2: Material Synthesis and Methodologies
2.1: Synthesis of TiO2 Thin Films
2.2: Synthesis of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers
2.3: Synthesis of Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes
2.4: Synthesis of 1D TiO2 Nanostructures
2.4.1: Hydrothermal: Seeded-Growth Reaction
2.4.2: Templated Synthesis: Sol–Gel Deposition, Electrodeposition, Atomic Layer Deposition
2.4.3: Electrochemical Anodization
2.4.4: Ion Implantation
2.5: Physical Properties of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers Annealed at Different Temperatures
2.5.1: Morphological Properties
2.5.2: Structural Properties
2.5.3: Optical Properties
2.5.4: Vibrational Properties
2.6: Modification and Functionalization of Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers
2.6.1: Doping
2.6.2: Reduction and Self-Doping “Black TiO2”
2.6.3: Surface Modification
2.6.4: Incorporation of Metals and Semiconductors
2.7: Synthesis of Doped TiO2 Nanostructures
Chapter 3: Characterization Techniques
3.1: Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2: High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.3: X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
3.4: Electron Backscatter Diffraction
3.5: In Situ High-Temperature X-Ray and Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction
3.6: Analysis of Absolute Phase Compositions
3.7: Estimation of Activation Energies
3.8: Estimation of Crystallite Size and Strain
Part III: Materials Characterization
Chapter 4: In Situ Isothermal High-Temperature Diffraction Studies on the Crystallization, Phase Transformation, and Activation Energies in Anodized Titania Nanotubes
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Results and Discussion
4.2.1: Microstructural Imaging
4.2.2: Crystallization Kinetics
4.2.3: Activation Energies
4.3: Conclusion
Chapter 5: Effect of Calcination on Band Gap for Electrospun Titania Nanofibers Heated in Air–Argon Mixtures
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Results and Discussion
5.2.1: Microstructure Imaging
5.2.2: Influence of Calcining Atmosphere
5.2.3: Phase Compositions
5.2.4: UV–Visible Spectral Analysis
5.2.5: Influence of Calcining Atmosphere on Band-Gap Structure
5.3: Conclusion
Chapter 6: Characterization and Optimization of Electrospun TiO2/PVP Nanofibers Using Taguchi Design of Experiment Method
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Theory and Fundamentals
6.2.1: Taguchi DoE
6.2.2: Analysis of Variance
6.2.3: Total Variation (ST)
6.2.4: Total Variance of Each Factor (Si)
6.2.5: Percentage Contribution (%)
6.2.6: Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofiber Diameter
6.3: Results and Discussion
6.3.1: Nanofiber Morphology and Diameter
6.3.2: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
6.3.3: Optimum Combination of Factors
6.3.4: Confirmation Experiment to Optimum Conditions
6.4: Conclusion
Chapter 7: Effect of Pressure on TiO2 Crystallization Kinetics Using In Situ Sealed Capillary High-Temperature Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Results and Discussion
7.2.1: Microstructural Imaging
7.2.2: SRD Patterns for In Situ Heating of Material Contained in Sealed Capillary
7.2.3: Use of Ex Situ XRD at Atmospheric Pressure to Determine the Influence of Capillary Pressure in SRD Experiment
7.2.4: Crystallization Kinetics Modelling
7.3: Conclusion
Chapter 8: Characterization of Chemical-Bath-Deposited TiO2 Thin Films
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Results and Discussion
8.2.1: XRD Analysis
8.2.2: Microstructure Analysis
8.2.3: Electrical Resistivity
8.3: Conclusion
Chapter 9: Influence of Electrolyte and Temperature on Anodic Nanotubes
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Results and Discussion
9.2.1: Influence of Electrolyte Composition on TiO2 Nanotubes Formation
9.2.2: Temperature Dependence on Anodic Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes
9.2.3: Optical Properties of Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes
9.3: Conclusion
Part IV: Materials Properties and Applications
Chapter 10: Phase Transformations and Crystallization Kinetics of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers in Air and Argon Atmospheres
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Results and Discussion
10.2.1: Microstructures of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers
10.2.2: Effect of Environmental Atmosphere on Phase Transitions during Thermal Annealing
10.3: Conclusion
Chapter 11: Effect of Vanadium-Ion Implantation on the Crystallization Kinetics and Phase Transformation of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Results and Discussion
11.2.1: Microstructures of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers
11.2.2: HRTEM Imaging of Calcined TiO2 Nanofibers
11.2.3: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
11.2.4: Effect of Ion Implantation on Phase Transitions
11.2.5: Crystallization Kinetics Modelling
11.2.6: Microstructure Development
11.3: Conclusion
Chapter 12: A Comparative Study on Crystallization Behavior, Phase Stability, and Binding Energy in Pure and Cr-Doped TiO2 Nanotubes
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Results and Discussion
12.2.1: Crystallization Behavior
12.2.2: Microstructures and Formation Mechanisms of Nanostructured TiO2
12.2.3: Composition Depth Profiles and Binding Energies
12.3: Conclusion
Chapter 13: Effect of Indium-Ion Implantation on Crystallization Kinetics and Phase Transformation of Anodized Titania Nanotubes
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Results and Discussion
13.2.1: Microstructural Imaging
13.2.2: Crystallization Behavior
13.2.3: Influence of In-Ion Implantation on Lattice Parameters
13.3: Conclusion
Chapter 14: Ni Nanowires Grown in Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanocomposites
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Results and Discussion
14.3: Conclusion
Chapter 15: Applications of TiO2 Nanostructures
15.1: Photocatalytic Applications
15.1.1: Antifogging and Self-Cleaning
15.1.2: Photocatalysts for Water Treatment and Air Purification
15.1.3: TiO2 Photobioreactor
15.2: Photovoltaic Applications
15.2.1: Lithium Batteries
15.2.2: Photoelectrochemical Cells
15.2.3: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
15.3: Sensing Applications
15.4: Coatings
15.5: Drug Delivery and Bioapplications
Part V: Conclusions
Chapter 16: Summary and Conclusions
16.1: Summary
16.2: Conclusions
Index