Recent advances in nanoscience and technology are of particular relevance to a wide range of disciplines that constitute Nanomedicine. Their applications include a) help understand basic cause(s) of the disease, b) examine roles of cell and tissue interactions and environmental perturbations, both internal as well as external, c) help diagnose diseases using nanoscale sensors and devices, d) help design therapeutics and drugs, e) help design efficient delivery of dugs and therapeutics, and f) help design nano/micro-electrical & mechanical stimulations for maintaining various body activity. I will discuss many of these advances. However, my special emphasis will be on how nanoscale imaging using integrated scanning probe techniques, nanomanipulation and nanopatterning using nanotube and cantilevers, integrated Nanosensors using nanofluidics, nanochips, NanoMEMS and nanoelectronics can be used as biosensors and devices for a wide array of diagnostics, both in vivo and in vitro. I will give examples of some of these applications, including high throughput in vitro screening of allergens and biomarkers for cancer and asthma. I will also outline scenarios wherein nanosensors and nanodevices will be used for in vivo real-time measurement of tissue physiological or pathological states that underlie many cardiovascular diseases. I will discuss how these devices can also be used for mass scale screening of potential therapeutics using the biomarkers identified with the abovementioned techniques, for example modulators of ion channels linked to channelopathies. Significantly, these assays require only a limited quantity (femto to pico liter of biofluid and nano to micro meter sized tissues) of biomaterials that highlights their relevance to clinical Nanomedicine.