Nanofillers: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Inorganic Nanofillers

✍ Scribed by Sharma B., Chaudhary V., Shekhar S., Das P.P. (ed.)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 271
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Analyzing the modifying effects of various inorganic nanofillers on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, this book covers processing, characterization, properties, and applications to analyze how these materials allow for innovative multifunction. This volume looks at various synthesis methods available within inorganic nanofillers and what characterizes them, covering design, manufacturing processes, and end-user results. The chapters focus on metal oxides, energy storage, and devices, alongside polymers used for packaging. This book details the role inorganic nanofillers have to play in cost-effective manufacturing processes due to their strength and efficiency, and their subsequent relevance to low-cost yet high-performance materials. Covering topics such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, strength, and characterization, this book is an essential companion for any engineer working with inorganic nanofillers. This book will be of interest to engineers involved with inorganic nanofillers in a variety of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Nanofillers: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Inorganic Nanofillers
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
1. Outline and Classification of Inorganic Nanofillers in Polymers
Contents
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of Nanofillers
1.2.1 Zero-Dimensional Nanofillers
1.2.2 One-Dimensional Nanofillers
1.2.3 Two-Dimensional Nanofillers
1.2.4 Three-Dimensional Nanofillers
1.3 Properties of Polymers, Inorganic Nanofillers, and Nanocomposites
1.4 Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
1.5 Types of Inorganic Nanofillers
1.6 Synthesis of Nanofillers
1.7 Surface Modification of Nanofillers
1.8 Preparation of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites
1.8.1 Sol–Gel Processing
1.8.2 Blending
1.8.2.1 Solution Blending
1.8.2.2 Emulsion or Suspension Blending
1.8.2.3 Melt Blending
1.8.3 In Situ Polymerization
1.9 Conclusion
References
2. A Compendium of Metallic Inorganic Fillers’ Properties and Applications Employed in Polymers
Contents
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 One-Dimensional Nanofillers
2.1.2 Two-Dimensional Nanofillers
2.1.3 Three-Dimensional Nanofillers
2.2 Properties and Applications of Metallic Inorganic Fillers
2.2.1 Silver (Ag) NPs
2.2.1.1 Properties
2.2.1.2 Applications
2.2.1.3 As Catalyst
2.2.2 Gold (Au)
2.2.2.1 Properties
2.2.2.2 Gold NanoUrchins
2.2.2.3 Surface Chemistry and Functionalization
2.2.2.4 Applications
2.2.3 AuNPs Application in Cancer Treatment
2.2.3.1 In Imaging
2.2.4 Zinc (Zn)
2.2.4.1 Properties and Applications
2.2.5 Cobalt (Co) NPs
2.2.5.1 Properties
2.2.6 Iron (Fe)
2.2.6.1 Properties and Applications
2.2.7 Nickel (Ni)
2.2.7.1 Properties and Applications
2.2.8 Copper (Cu) NPs
2.2.8.1 Properties and Applications
2.2.8.2 Applications of Copper NPs
2.2.9 Platinum (Pt) NPs
2.2.9.1 Properties
2.2.9.2 Catalytic Properties
2.2.9.3 Optical Properties
2.2.9.4 Biological Interactions
2.2.9.5 Applications
2.2.9.6 Nanomaterials
2.2.10 Other Applications
2.2.10.1 Chromium Oxide (Cr[sub(2)]O[sub(3)]) NPs
2.2.11 Titanium (Ti) NPs
2.2.11.1 Properties and Applications
2.2.11.2 Titanium Oxides
2.3 Conclusion
References
3. An Exploration of Some Essential Inorganic Nanofillers
Contents
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Nano-Carbides
3.2.1 Zirconium Carbide (ZrC)
3.2.2 Boron Carbide (B[sub(4)]C)
3.2.3 Silicon Carbide (SiC)
3.2.4 Chromium Carbide (Cr[sub(3)]C[sub(2)])
3.3 Nano-Sulfide
3.3.1 Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)
3.3.2 Lead Sulfide (PbS)
3.4 Nanoclay
3.4.1 Montmorillonite (MMT)
3.4.2 Nano-Calcium Carbonate
3.5 Smectite
3.6 Mica
3.7 Nano-Nitride
3.8 Other Nanofillers
3.9 Conclusion
References
4. An Exploration of Some Essential Inorganic Nanofillers Apart from Metal Oxides, Metallic Particles, and Carbon-Based Nanofillers
Contents
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanofillers
4.2.1 Inorganic Nanofillers
4.2.2 Factors Affecting Nanofillers
4.3 Inorganic Nanofillers Apart From Metal, Metal Oxides, and Carbon-Based Nanofillers
4.3.1 Cellulose Nanofillers
4.3.2 Metal Sulfide Nanofillers
4.3.3 Metal Organic Frameworks
4.3.4 Nanoclays (Layered Silicate Nanofillers)
4.4 Conclusion
References
5. To Comprehend the Applications of Inorganic Nanofiller-Derived Polymers in Packaging
Contents
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chitosan
5.2.1 Nanofiller in Chitosan
5.2.2 Chitin
5.2.2.1 Chitin Composites
5.2.3 Cellulose
5.2.3.1 Nanofillers in Cellulose
5.2.4 Starch
5.2.4.1 Nanofillers in Starch
5.2.5 Miscellaneous
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Acknowledgments
References
6. Inorganic Nanofiller-Incorporated Polymeric Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Contents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biomedical Applications of Different Inorganic Nanofiller Polymeric Nanocomposites
6.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
6.2.1.1 Bone Tissue Engineering
6.2.1.2 Antimicrobial Applications
6.2.1.3 Neural Applications
6.2.1.4 Biosensors
6.2.1.5 COVID-19 Detection
6.2.1.6 Drug Administration
6.2.2 Graphene
6.2.2.1 Drug/Gene Delivery and Cancer Treatment
6.2.2.2 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
6.2.2.3 Biosensors
6.2.3 Metal and Metal Oxide Polymeric Nanocomposites
6.2.3.1 Antimicrobial Applications
6.2.3.2 Nanobiosensors
6.2.3.3 Drug Delivery
6.2.3.4 Cancer Therapy
6.2.4 Nanoclays
6.2.4.1 Drug Delivery
6.2.4.2 Wound Healing
6.2.4.3 Tissue Engineering
6.2.4.4 Bioimaging and Biosensors
6.2.4.5 Enzyme Immobilization
6.3 Conclusion
References
7. Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNCs) in Engineering Applications
Contents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Processing Techniques for MMNCs
7.2.1 Reinforcement Material and Structures
7.2.2 Matrix Material Selection
7.3 Strengthening Mechanisms
7.3.1 Load-Bearing Effect
7.3.2 Enhanced Dislocation Density Mechanism
7.3.3 Orowan Strengthening
7.3.4 Modulus Mismatch Strengthening
7.3.5 Yield Strength Model
7.4 Mechanical and Thermal Properties
7.4.1 Elastic Modulus
7.4.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
7.5 Applications of MMNCs
7.6 Concluding Remarks
References
8. Environmental Impact in Terms of Nanotoxicity and Limitations of Employing Inorganic Nanofillers in Polymers
Contents
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Various Types of Nanomaterials that Proliferated in the Environment
8.2.1 Organic Nanomaterials
8.2.2 Inorganic Nanomaterials
8.2.3 Natural Nanomaterials
8.2.4 Synthetic Nanomaterials
8.2.5 Accidental Nanomaterials
8.2.6 Zero-, One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Nanomaterials
8.3 How the Environmental Systems Get Closer to Various Types of Nanomaterials
8.4 Toxicology of Nanomaterials
8.4.1 Nanotoxicity Impact on Soil and Associated Microbes
8.4.2 Nanotoxicity Impact on Water Quality and Aquatic Life
8.4.3 Nanotoxicity Impact on Plants
8.4.4 Nanotoxicity Impact on Biological Systems
8.4.4.1 Ingestion
8.4.4.2 Inhalation
8.4.4.3 Dermal Route
8.4.5 Nanotoxicity Impact of Nanofillers on Human Body
8.4.6 Nanotoxicity Impact on Nano Medicine Delivery Applications
8.5 Influence of Inorganic Nanofillers in Various Polymer Nanocomposites
8.5.1 Inorganic Nanofillers with Bioplastics
8.5.2 Photopolymers
8.5.3 Polymer Electrolytes
8.6 Various Strategies to Reduce Nanotoxicity in the Environments
8.6.1 National and International Level Regulations Implemented for Effective Use of Nanomaterials (Schwirn et al., 2020)
8.6.2 Increasing the Size of Nanofillers
8.6.3 Assure the Purity of Nanofillers
8.6.4 Biocompatible Coating on Free Nanoparticle
8.6.5 Effective Categorization of Nanowaste/Nanofillers
8.6.6 Effective Characterization of Nanomaterials
8.7 Conclusion
References
9. Inorganic Nanofillers-Derived Polymers in Energy Storage Devices
Contents
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Inorganic Nanofillers-Derived Polymers in Energy Storage and Devices
9.3 Energy Storage Performance of Ferroelectric Polymers with Various Inorganic Fillers
9.4 Conclusion
References
10. Fundamental Applications of Inorganic Nanofillers for Water Purification Using Polymers
Contents
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Membrane Technology
10.3 Types of Membranes
10.4 Common Method of Fabrication of Membranes
10.4.1 Phase Inversion Technique
10.4.2 Electrospinning
10.4.3 Track Etching
10.4.4 Photolithography
10.4.5 Sintering and Stretching
10.5 Polymer Inorganic Composites
10.5.1 PVDF Inorganic Composites for Water Purification
10.5.2 Polyether Sulfone
10.6 Graphene-Based Polymer Composites for Water Treatment
10.7 Carbon Nanotubes–Polymer Composites for Water Treatment
10.8 Metal-Organic Frameworks
10.9 Conclusion
References
11. The Integral Postulation of Inorganic Nanofiller-Derived Polymer Applications in Agriculture
Contents
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Polymer Nanocomposites: Design and Synthesis Techniques
11.3 Application of Polymer Nanocomposites in Agriculture
11.3.1 Agrochemical Delivery
11.3.2 Control of Plant Diseases
11.3.3 PNCs Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
11.3.4 PNCs Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
11.3.5 Pollutants Removal
11.3.5.1 Removal of Metal Ions
11.3.5.2 Removal of Dye Molecules
11.3.6 Food Packaging
11.3.7 Biosensing
11.3.8 Gene Transfection
11.4 Commercialization of Polymer Nanocomposites for Agriculture
11.5 Environmental Risk Assessment and Toxicology Study for Agricultural Purposes
11.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Index