Nanocellular Polymers: From Microscale to Nanoscale

✍ Scribed by De León J.M., Rodríguez-Pérez M.A.

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 214
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book covers production, structure, properties and potential applications of nanocellular polymers fabricated by using foaming methods. These materials are porous materials with pore sizes in the nanometer range, processed as bulk or film materials, from a wide set of polymers. Reduction of pore size to the nanoscale drastically modifies important properties such as thermal conductivity, optical properties, mechanical properties and specific surface area among others providing improved properties and promising applications for these materials in automotive, aeronautic, renewable energies, construction, filtration or thermal insulation.
Unique reference book on nanocellular polymers.
Explains how moving from micro to nanoscale affects physical properties.
Detailed description, preparation and applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of interest
Nanocellular Polymers: From Microscale to Nanoscale
Copyright
Acknowledgments
Contents
1. Introduction
References
2. Fundamentals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Descriptors to characterize cellular polymers
2.2.1 Relative density, porosity, and expansion ratio
2.2.2 Gas phase descriptors
2.2.2.1 Cell size distribution and average cell size
2.2.2.2 Cell density and cell nucleation density
2.2.2.3 Anisotropy ratio
2.2.2.4 Open cell content and tortuosity of the gas phase
2.2.3 Solid phase descriptors
2.2.3.1 Struts, cell walls, and cell geometry
2.2.3.2 Solid skin
2.2.3.3 Structural gradients
2.2.3.4 Tortuosity of the solid phase
2.3 Foaming mechanisms
2.3.1 Polymer/gas solution
2.3.2 Nucleation
2.3.3 Growth
2.3.4 Degeneration
2.3.5 Stabilization
2.4 Nanocellular polymers: Key features
2.4.1 Cellular structure in nanocellular polymers
2.4.1.1 Gas phase
2.4.1.2 Solid phase
2.4.2 Foaming mechanisms in the nanoscale
2.5 Conclusions
References
3. From the microscale to the nanoscale in cellular materials production process
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Production techniques of nanocellular polymers
3.3 Gas dissolution foaming
3.3.1 Homogeneous nucleation
3.3.1.1 Bubble growth
3.3.1.2 Nucleation
3.3.1.3 Considerations to solve the equations
3.3.1.4 Model predictions
3.3.1.5 Nanocellular polymers through homogeneous nucleation
3.3.2 Heterogeneous nucleation
3.3.2.1 Nanocellular polymers through heterogeneous nucleation
3.4 Limitations and challenges
3.4.1 Limitations
3.4.1.1 Density reduction
3.4.1.2 Big dimension samples
3.5 Conclusions
References
4. Optical properties
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Light interaction with porous structures
4.3 Transparent nanocellular polymers
4.3.1 Production of transparent nanocellular polymers
4.3.2 Factors affecting transmittance
4.4 Other transparent nanoporous structures
4.5 Current limitations and future perspectives
4.6 Conclusions
References
5. Thermal conductivity
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanisms of heat transfer in nanocellular polymers
5.2.1 Conduction through the solid phase
5.2.2 Conduction through the gas phase
5.2.3 Radiation
5.3 Models to predict the thermal conductivity in nanocellular polymers
5.4 Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity
5.4.1 Experimental techniques
5.4.2 Results in the literature
5.5 Future perspectives
5.6 Conclusions
References
6. Mechanical properties
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanical properties in microcellular polymers
6.3 Mechanical properties in nanocellular polymers
6.3.1 Confinement of the solid phase
6.4 Conclusions
References
7. Surface area
7.1 Introductio
7.2 Surface area in nanocellular polymers
7.3 Generation of open cell nanocellular polymers
7.3.1 Types of open cell structures
7.3.2 Gas dissolution foaming of films and fibers
7.3.3 Generation of a porous skin
7.4 Applications in filters, sensors, and others
7.5 Conclusions
References
8. Other properties
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Acoustic properties
8.3 Dielectric properties
8.4 Electromagnetic shielding properties
8.5 Multifunctional materials
8.6 Conclusions
References
9. Applications of nanocellular polymers and future trends
9.1 Two types of nanocellular polymers: Fabrication and structure
9.2 Properties of nanocellular polymers: Comparison with other materials
9.3 Future trends
References
Index