My Revision Notes: OCR as Biology a

✍ Scribed by Frank Sochacki

• Publisher: Hodder Education
• Year: 2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 121
• Series: My Revision Notes
• Edition: UK ed.
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

With My Revision Notes you can: - Manage your own revision with step-by-step support from experienced teacher and examiner Frank Sochacki - Apply biological terms accurately with the help of definitions and key words - Plan and pace your revision with the revision planner - Test understanding with questions throughout the book - Get exam ready with last minute quick quizzes available on the Hodder Education website

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Book title
Contents
Module 1 Development of practical skills in biology
1 Practical skills
What are practical skills?
Practical skills assessed in a written examination
Module 2 Foundations in biology
2 Cell structure
Microscopes and images
Cells
3 Biological molecules
Water
Monomers and polymers
The chemical elements that make up biological molecules
The key inorganic ions involved in biological processes
Testing for the presence of biological molecules
4 Nucleotides and nucleic acids
The structure of nucleotides and nucleic acids
The replication of DNA
The nature of the genetic code
The synthesis of polypeptides
5 Enzymes
The role of enzymes
The mechanism of enzyme action
Effects of conditions on enzymes
Practical investigations
Enzyme-controlled reactions
6 Biological membranes
Roles of membranes in cells
Membrane structure and permeability
The movement of molecules across membranes
Water potential and osmosis
7 Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation
The cell cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Cell specialisation in multicellular organisms
Tissues, organs and organ systems
The features and differentiation of stem cells
Module 3 Exchange and transport
8 Exchange surfaces
The need for specialised exchange surfaces
Efficient exchange surfaces
Ventilation and gaseous exchange in mammals
Ventilation and gaseous exchange in bony fish and insects
9 Transport in animals
The need for transport systems in multicellular animals
Different types of circulatory systems
The structure and functions of blood vessels
Blood, tissue fluid and lymph
The mammalian heart
The role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
10 Transport in plants
The need for transport systems in multicellular plants
The structure and function of the vascular system
The process of transpiration
The transport of water
Adaptations of plants to the availability of water
The mechanism of translocation
Module 4 Biodiversity, evolution and disease
11 Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system
Pathogens and their transmission
Primary and secondary immune responses
The structure and general functions of antibodies
Types of immunity
Autoimmune diseases
The principles of vaccination
Possible sources of medicines
Benefits and risks of antibiotics
12 Biodiversity
The levels of biodiversity
Species richness and species evenness
Simpson’s Index of Diversity
Genetic biodiversity
Maintaining biodiversity
13 Classification and evolution
Biological classification
The binomial system
The features used to classify organisms
The relationship between classification and phylogeny
The evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection
Different types of variation
Adaptations of organisms to their environment
How natural selection can affect the characteristics of a population
The implications of evolution for humans
Now test yourself answers