Muon Spin Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications in Chemistry and Materials Science

✍ Scribed by Fleming D.G., McKenzie I., Percival P.W. (ed.)

• Publisher: WILEY-VCH
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 255
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Muon Spin Spectroscopy
An introduction to muon spin spectroscopy with a focus on applications in chemistry and materials science.
Muon Spin Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications in Chemistry and Materials Science delivers a robust and practical discussion of the areas in muon spin spectroscopy most relevant to chemistry and materials science. In this text readers will find the background details of muonium chemistry, as well as descriptions of applications in a variety of topics of varying complexity, from chemical reactivity in the gas phase to condensed matter and biological systems.
The text covers material ranging from the historical background to recent technological and theoretical developments in the field. Readers will also find:
An introduction to muon beams and spin spectroscopy, including discussions of spin polarization and muon decay.
Comprehensive explanations of the formation of chemical states incorporating muons.
Practical discussions of chemical reactivity and dynamics testing rate theory in the gas phase, including the influence of the potential energy surface.
Comprehensive treatments of muoniated free radicals, spin relaxation studies, and muonium chemistry and chemical kinetics in condensed phases.
Ideal for practicing spectroscopists, physical chemists, and surface chemists, Muon Spin Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications in Chemistry and Materials Science will also benefit students of materials science and chemistry.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Muon Spin Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications in Chemistry and Materials Science
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Perspective and Introductory Remarks
1.1 What Do Muons Bring to Chemistry?
1.2 Muon Facilities and Background to Experimental Muon Techniques
1.3 The Development of Muonium Chemistry
References
2. Muon Beams and Spin Spectroscopy
2.1 Spin‐Polarized Muon Beams
2.2 Muon Decay and Detection of Its Spin Polarization
2.3 Continuous Versus Pulsed Muon Beams
2.4 μSR Spectrometers
2.5 Spectroscopy of Muons in Diamagnetic Environments
2.5.1 Diamagnetic Muons in a Longitudinal Field
2.5.2 Diamagnetic Muons in a Transverse Field
2.5.3 Diamagnetic Muons in Zero Magnetic Field
2.6 Spectroscopy of Muonium
2.6.1 Muonium in a Transverse Field
2.6.2 Muonium in a Longitudinal Field
2.7 TF‐μSR of Muoniated Radicals
2.7.1 Muoniated Radicals in Isotropic Environments
2.7.2 Muoniated Radicals in Anisotropic Environments
2.7.3 Polarization Transfer from Precursor to Radical
2.8 Avoided Level‐Crossing Resonance of Muoniated Radicals
2.9 RF Muon Spin Resonance of Muoniated Radicals
2.10 Longitudinal‐Field Repolarization Studies of Muoniated Radicals
References
3. Formation of Chemical States Incorporating Muons
3.1 μ+ Charge Exchange and Mu Formation in the Gas Phase
3.2 Mu Formation and Track Effects in Dense Media
3.3 Chemical Processes Forming Muoniated Molecules
3.4 μ– Capture and Muonic Atoms
References
4. Chemical Reactivity and Dynamics in the Gas Phase
4.1 Muon Spin Spectroscopy Applied to Chemical Kinetics
4.2 Potential Energy Surfaces and Quantum Mass Effects
4.3 Theoretical Background to Rate Calculations for Bimolecular Reactions
4.4 Early Experimental Studies: Mu + Halogens
4.5 H Atom Abstraction Reactions
4.6 State‐selected Reactivity: Mu + H2(v = 1)
4.7 Addition Reactions
4.8 A New Type of Chemical Bond: BrMuBr Vibrational Bonding
References
5. Muonium Chemistry and Chemical Kinetics in Condensed Phases
5.1 Setting the Stage: Chemical Reactivity in Liquids vs. Gases
5.2 Muonium Diffusion in Water
5.3 Pressure and Density Dependence
5.4 Muon Spin Dephasing During Reaction
5.5 Additional Effects on Mu and H Kinetics in the Liquid Phase
5.6 Can Mu React by a Different Mechanism to H?
5.7 A Case Study of a Complex Reaction System: Mu + H2O2
References
6. Muoniated Free Radicals
6.1 Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling
6.1.1 Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constants of α Nuclei
6.1.2 Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constants of β Nuclei
6.2 Isotope Effects on Muoniated Radicals
6.2.1 Bond Length
6.2.2 Hyperfine Constants
6.2.3 Conformational Preference
6.3 Intramolecular Motion of Muoniated Radicals
6.3.1 The Muoniated tert‐Butyl Radical
6.3.2 Methyl Radicals
6.3.3 Other Alkyl Radicals
6.3.4 Mu Adducts of Carbonyls
6.4 Reorientational Dynamics of Muoniated Radicals
6.4.1 Dipolar Hyperfine Coupling Constants
6.4.2 Effect of Hyperfine Anisotropy on Δ1 and Δ0 Resonances
6.4.3 Anisotropic Motion of Muoniated Radicals in Solids
6.5 Solvent Effects on Hyperfine Coupling Constants
6.6 Kinetics of Reactions of Muoniated Radicals
6.6.1 Measuring Chemical Reaction Rates Using TF‐μSR
6.6.2 Measuring Chemical Reaction Rates Using ALC‐μSR
6.6.3 Measuring Chemical Reaction Rates from the Transfer of Polarization from a Primary to a Secondary Radical
6.7 Characterization of Novel Radicals by Muon Spin Spectroscopy
6.7.1 Radicals Containing Si or Ge
6.7.2 Radicals Containing P
6.7.3 Radicals Containing a Metal Atom
6.7.4 Muoniated Radicals Containing No Other Nuclear Moments
References
7. Spin Relaxation Studies
7.1 Probing Spin Relaxation with Muons
7.2 Molecular Dynamics from Spin Relaxation
7.3 Muon Spin Relaxation Studies of Aqueous Solutions of Manganese(II) Ions
7.4 Muonium Spin Exchange with Paramagnetic Species
7.5 Spin Relaxation in Muoniated Radicals
7.6 Muon Spin Relaxation During Chemical Reaction
References
8. Aspects of Materials Chemistry
8.1 Muonium in Confined Spaces
8.2 Muonium and Muoniated Radicals in Fullerenes
8.3 Muonium and Radicals in Clathrates
8.4 Muoniated Radicals in Zeolites
8.5 Muonium and Radicals on Surfaces
References
9. Soft Matter, Organic Materials and Biological Systems
9.1 Soft Matter
9.2 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
9.2.1 Orientational Ordering of MBBA
9.2.2 Fluctuations of 5CB
9.3 Cosurfactants in Bilayers and Micelles
9.4 Polymers
9.4.1 Dynamics in Non‐conjugated Polymers
9.4.2 Electron Conduction in Conjugated Polymers
9.5 Organic Materials
9.5.1 Magnetic Ordering in Organic Materials
9.5.2 Localized Defects in Organic Semiconductors
9.6 Biological Systems
9.6.1 μSR of DNA and Its Constituents
9.6.2 Muoniated Radicals Formed from Proteins
9.7 Concluding Thoughts
References
10. Future Developments and Outlook
10.1 Light Mass and Isotope Effects
10.2 Muon Spin Spectroscopy: Advantages and Limitations
10.3 New Methodologies
10.3.1 Transient Targets
10.3.2 Optical Spectroscopy
10.3.3 Spin Manipulation
10.4 Going Beyond Muon Spin Spectroscopy
10.4.1 Muon Tomography
10.4.2 Muon‐Induced X‐ray Emission
10.5 The Outlook for Muon Science
10.6 Conclusions
References
Appendix A. Derivation of Muon Polarization Expressions
A.1 Polarization in a μSR Experiment
A.2 Diamagnetic Muons in a Longitudinal Field
A.3 Diamagnetic Muons in a Transverse Field
A.4 Muonium in a Transverse Field
A.5 Muonium in a Longitudinal Field
A.6 Muoniated Radicals in Isotropic Environments
A.7 Muoniated Radicals in High Transverse Fields
A.8 Muoniated Radicals in Longitudinal Fields Outside Level Crossings
A.9 Avoided Level‐Crossing Muon Spin Resonance in Isotropic Environments
A.10 Avoided Level‐Crossing Muon Spin Resonance in Anisotropic Environments
References
Appendix B. Muonium Rate Constants for Reactions in Solution
References
Index