Multiantenna Systems for MIMO Communications (Synthesis Lectures on Antennas)

✍ Scribed by Franco DeFlaviis

• Publisher: Morgan and Claypool Publishers
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 267
• Series: Synthesis Lectures on Antennas
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Advanced communication scenarios demand the development of new systemswhere antenna theory, channel propagation and communication models are seen from a common perspective as a way to understand and optimize the system as a whole. In this context, a comprehensive multiantenna formulation for multiple-input multiple-output systems is presented with a special emphasis on the connection of the electromagnetic and communication principles. Starting from the capacity for amultiantenna system, the book reviews radiation, propagation, and communicationmechanisms, paying particular attention to the vectorial, directional, and timefrequency characteristics of the wireless communication equation for low- and high-scattering environments. Based on the previous concepts, different space—time methods for diversity and multiplexing applications are discussed, multiantenna modeling is studied, and specific tools are introduced to analyze the antenna coupling mechanisms and formulate appropriate decorrelation techniques.Miniaturization techniques for closely spaced antennas are studied, and its fundamental limits and optimization strategies are reviewed. Finally, different practical multiantenna topologies for new communication applications are presented, and its main parameters discussed. A relevant feature is a collection of synthesis exercises that review the main topics of the book and introduces state-of-the art system architectures and parameters, facilitating its use either as a text book or as a support tool for multiantenna systems design.

✦ Table of Contents

Multiantenna Systems for......Page 1
Abstract......Page 2
Preface......Page 6
Organization of the Book......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS......Page 18
1.2 CAPACITY IN A SINGLE-INPUT/SINGLE-OUTPUT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM......Page 19
1.3 IMPAIRMENTS OF THE WIRELESS CHANNEL......Page 21
1.3.1 Propagation Electromagnetic Phenomena......Page 22
1.4 DEFINITION OF A MULTIANTENNA SYSTEM......Page 24
1.5 CAPACITY IN A MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM......Page 25
1.5.1 System Model......Page 26
1.5.3 Uninformed Transmitter Capacity......Page 29
1.5.4 Water-Filling Capacity......Page 30
1.5.5 Channel Normalization......Page 36
1.6 MIMO CHANNEL MODELS......Page 37
1.7 PRELIMINARIES OF ANTENNA DESIGN IN MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS......Page 40
1.8 CHANNEL CODING IN MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS......Page 43
1.8.1 Diversity Techniques......Page 44
2.2 RADIO CHANNEL PROPAGATION: DETERMINISTIC PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION......Page 48
2.2.1 Channel Bandwidth......Page 49
2.2.2 Space--Time CIR......Page 50
2.3.1 Free-Space SISO......Page 52
2.3.2 Free-Space MIMO......Page 54
2.4.1 Multipath SISO......Page 56
2.4.2 Multipath MIMO......Page 59
2.4.3 Time-Variant Multipath MIMO......Page 61
2.4.4 Time-Variant Wideband Multipath MIMO......Page 64
2. 5 REPRESENTATIONS OF AN LTV RADIO CHANNEL......Page 66
2.6. LTV WIDEBAND BIDIRECTIONAL POLARIMETRIC MULTIANTENNA MULTIPATH RADIO CHANNEL MODEL......Page 68
2.6.1 Polarimetric Transfer Matrices......Page 70
2.6.2 Distance Propagation Factor......Page 72
2.6.3 Nature of the MPCs......Page 74
2.6.4.1 Modeling of Different Channel Types......Page 75
2.7 QUALITY OF THE MIMO CHANNEL MODEL......Page 77
2.7.3 Channel Scattering Dimension......Page 79
2.7.4 Example: Capacity of a 22 MIMO System......Page 81
3.1 OVERVIEW OF MIMO CODING TECHNIQUES......Page 84
3.2.1 Definition of Diversity Gain......Page 85
3.2.2.1 Tradeoffs Between Diversity and Multiplexing Gain......Page 86
3.2.4 Definition of Channel Correlation......Page 87
3.3 COMBINING METHODS......Page 90
3.4 SPACE--TIME CODING......Page 91
3.4.1 Classification of Space--Time Coding Techniques......Page 93
3.4.2 Space--Time Block Codes......Page 94
3.4.3 Space--Time Trellis Codes......Page 96
3.4.4 Beam Forming......Page 98
3.5 SM TECHNIQUES......Page 99
3.5.1 Bell Labs Layered Space--Time......Page 100
3.6.1 Symbol Decision Criteria......Page 101
3.6.2 Diversity and Coding Gain Design Criteria......Page 102
3.6.3 Array Versus DG Design Criteria......Page 103
3.7.1 Performance of Space--Time Coding Techniques......Page 104
3.7.2 Performance of SM Techniques......Page 105
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 108
4.2 GENERAL MODEL FOR AN MPA......Page 109
4.2.1 Scattering Matrix Representation......Page 110
4.2.2 Fundamental Scattering Properties......Page 112
4.2.3 Normalized Far-Field Radiation Pattern......Page 113
4.2.4 Fundamental Radiation Parameters......Page 115
4.2.5 Canonical Minimum Scattering Antennas......Page 116
4.2.6 Active Gain......Page 117
4.3.1 Signal Source (Generator)......Page 118
4.3.3 Transmit MPA......Page 119
4.3.5 Propagation Channel......Page 120
4.4.1 Connection of Scattering Matrices......Page 121
4.4.2 Channel Matrix and Extended Channel Matrix......Page 122
4.4.3 Separation of the Transmitter and Receiver Side......Page 127
4.5 PHYSICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PROPAGATION CHANNEL......Page 128
4.5.1 Separation of the Transmitter and Receiver Channel Characteristics......Page 130
4.6 MUTUAL COUPLING IN MPAs......Page 132
4.7.1 Transmission Power Gain......Page 136
4.7.1.1 Transmit Matching Efficiency......Page 137
4.7.1.2 Receive Matching Efficiency......Page 139
4.7.2 Mean Effective Gain......Page 140
4.7.3 Channel Correlation......Page 141
4.7.4 Antenna Correlation......Page 143
4.7.4.1 Receive Antenna Correlation......Page 144
4.7.4.2 Transmit Antenna Correlation......Page 145
4.7.4.3 Extended Transmit and Receive Antenna Correlation......Page 146
4.7.4.4 Antenna Correlation in Ideally Scattered Channels......Page 147
4.7.4.5 Examples......Page 150
4.7.6 Diversity Order......Page 156
4.7.7 System Bandwidth......Page 157
4.7.8 Effective Degrees of Freedom......Page 158
4.8 REVIEW OF THE FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS OF MPAs......Page 159
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 164
5.2 MUTUAL COUPLING REDUCTION USING ANTENNA DIVERSITY......Page 165
5.2.1 Space Diversity......Page 167
5.2.2 Polarization Diversity......Page 168
5.3 MUTUAL COUPLING REDUCTION USING DNs......Page 169
5.4.1 Superextended Channel Matrix......Page 171
5.4.2 Separation of the Transmitter and Receiver Side Including DNs......Page 173
5.5.1.2 Self-Impedance Match......Page 176
5.5.2 Optimal Matching Conditions......Page 177
5.5.3 Proof of Optimal Transmission Power Gain......Page 180
5.5.4 Proof of Optimal Capacity......Page 182
5.6.1 Transmission Power Gain......Page 183
5.6.1.1 Transmit Matching Efficiency......Page 184
5.6.1.2 Receive Matching Efficiency......Page 185
5.6.2 Superextended Channel Correlation......Page 186
5.6.3 Superextended Transmit and Receive Antenna Correlation......Page 187
5.6.5 System Bandwidth......Page 188
5.7.1.1 Properties of Lossless DNs......Page 190
5.7.1.2 Decomposition of Lossless Networks......Page 192
5.7.1.3 Implementation of Decorrelating Lossless Networks......Page 193
5.7.2.1 Properties of Lossless and Reciprocal Decorrelating Networks......Page 195
5.7.2.2 Decomposition of Lossless Reciprocal Networks......Page 196
5.7.2.3 Implementation of Lossless Reciprocal Decorrelating Networks......Page 197
5.7.3.1 Optimal Superextended Receive Antenna Correlation......Page 198
5.7.3.2 Optimal Superextended Transmit Antenna Correlation......Page 199
5.8 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS OF DNs......Page 200
6.1 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MPAs......Page 202
6.2 ANTENNA DIVERSITY DESIGN EXAMPLES......Page 203
6.2.1 Space Diversity Design......Page 204
6.2.2 Compact Dual-Polarized Antenna Design......Page 205
6.2.3 Pattern Diversity Design Using Beam Forming......Page 206
6.2.4 Pattern Diversity Design Using MMAs......Page 208
6.2.5 Design Example of a Practical Antenna Diversity System......Page 209
6.3.2 Symmetry Operators......Page 221
6.3.3 The 21 Linear MEA......Page 223
6.3.4 Three-Element Circular MEA......Page 231
6.3.5 The 22 Planar MEA......Page 234
6.4 PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF DIFFERENT MPAs......Page 237
6.4.1 Geometry and Size of an MPA......Page 238
6.4.3 Operating Frequency of an MPA......Page 241
References......Page 244
List of Acronyms......Page 254
List of Symbols......Page 256
Operators and Mathematical Symbols......Page 262
Author Biography......Page 266