During the past 10-15 years there has not been a significant improvement in the overall survival of children with metastatic neuroblastoma. From 1971 through 1975, 104 eligible patients were entered on two clinical studies for newly diagnosed cases of stage IV neuroblastoma by the Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG). Patient data from both studies were evaluated for activity of cyclophosphamide, imidazole carboxamide, and vincristine and of these same agents plus adriamycin. Response was evaluated by serial measurements of tumor size. Eighty-four patients experienced a complete or partial response. The life-table estimate of median survival on both studies was 11-12 months for all patients and 13-18 months for responders, unchanged from the results of previous CCSG studies. Long-term survival, however, for patients on these studies demonstrates a significant increase compared with results reported from the three previous CCSG studies. Children less than 1 year or greater than 6 years of age at diagnosis showed a significantly improved survival pattern over the intermediate age group. It is suggested that there is a need t o consider the induction response pattern and age at diagnosis when planning a maintenance program so that nonresponders can be identified early and considered for treatment with new agents or aggressive multimodal therapy.