Morphologie / Morphology: 2. Halbband

✍ Scribed by Geert E. Booij (editor); Christian Lehmann (editor); Joachim Mugdan (editor); Stavros Skopeteas (editor); Wolfgang Kesselheim (editor)

• Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: German
• Leaves: 1039
• Series: Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK]; 17/2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

"The editors should [...] be congratulated for producing a highly valuable handbook that should serve as a reference work for years to come."
Rita Brdar-Szabó/Mario Brdar in: Linguistics 2/2007

✦ Table of Contents

Inhalt / Contents
XIII. Semantische Kategorien und Operationen in der Morphologie I: Entitätsbegriffe / Semantic categories and operations in morphology I: Entity concepts
94. Entity concepts
1. Introduction
2. Four orders of entities
3. The hypostatization of qualities
4. Morphological signalling of orders of entities
5. First-order entities
6. Higher-order entities
7. Hypostatized qualities
8. Conclusion
9. References
95. Deixis and reference
1. Introduction
2. The situation of speech
3. Discourse roles
4. Deictic dimensions
5. Deictic domains
6. Deictic morphological structures
7. Uncommon abbreviations
8. References
96. Person
1. Fundamentals
2. Representation in language structure
3. Person categories in detail
4. Interactions with other categories
5. Geographical distributions
6. Uncommon abbreviations
7. References
97. Classifiers
1. Introduction
2. Semantic categorization
3. A morphosyntactic typology
4. Dynamic dimension of classifier systems
5. Uncommon abbreviations
6. References
98. Gender and noun class
1. Introduction
2. Formal properties of gender systems
3. Principles of gender assignment
4. Semantics of genders
5. Gender agreement and gender resolution
6. Interrelation with other grammatical categories
7. Diachronic dimensions of gender
8. Uncommon abbreviations
9. References
99. Diminution and augmentation
1. Terms and definitions
2. Formal aspects
3. Semantic aspects
4. Contextual aspects
5. Etymological aspects
6. References
100. Numerus
1. Einleitung
2. Numeruskategorien
3. Numerusfähige Elemente
4. Art der Kodierung
5. Locus der Kodierung
6. Evolution der Numerusmorphologie
7. Unübliche Abkürzungen
8. Zitierte Literatur
101. Mass and collection
1. Introduction
2. Semantics of mass nouns
3. Morphological categories on mass nouns
4. Is the count-mass distinction a linguistic universal?
5. Collections and collectives
6. Operations relating collectives and collections, mass and individuals
7. References
102. Case
1. A case system
2. Problems of description
3. Realisation
4. Survey of case marking
5. Diachrony of case
6. References
103. Possession
1. Definition und Abgrenzung
2. Prädikative Possession = Etablierung
3. Attributive Konstruktionen
4. Inhärenz der Possessiv-Relation
5. Nominaler vs. pronominaler Possessor
6. Unübliche Abkürzungen
7. Zitierte Literatur
XIV. Semantische Kategorien und Operationen in der Morphologie II: Sachverhalts-, Eigenschafts- und verwandte Begriffe / Semantic categories and operations in morphology II: State-of-affairs, property and related concepts
104. State-of-affairs concepts
1. Introduction
2. States-of-affairs
3. Predicates
4. Aktionsart
5. Conclusion
6. Uncommon abbreviations
7. References
105. Property concepts
1. Introduction
2. Functions of property concept forms
3. How languages express property concepts
4. Characteristics of property concepts
5. References
106. Circumstance concepts
1. Introduction
2. Types of circumstance concepts
3. Head-marking expression of circumstantial meanings
4. Dependent-marking expression of circumstance meanings
5. Uncommon abbreviations
6. References
107. Valency change
1. Introduction
2. Valency-decreasing categories
3. Valency-increasing categories
4. General features of valency-changing morphology
5. Diachronic sources of valency-changing morphology
6. Uncommon abbreviations
7. References
108. Voice
1. Introduction
2. Definition: The active and the passive
3. Voice as a family of constructions
4. The middle
5. Valency-increasing passives
6. The inverse system
7. Voice in ergative languages
8. Voice in Philippine languages
9. Two dimensions of voice
10. Voice morphology
11. Concluding remarks
12. Uncommon abbreviations
13. References
109. Aspect and Aktionsart
1. Aspectuality
2. Aspect versus Aktionsart
3. Aktionsart
4. Aspect
5. Interaction of aspect and Aktionsart
6. References
110. Tense
1. General
2. The notion of “tense” and its relation to “mood” and “aspect”
3. Formal models of the semantics of tense
4. Past, present, and future
5. Past time reference and past tense
6. Future time reference and future tense
7. Present tenses
8. Perfect
9. Past and future perfects
10. Experiential
11. Narrative
12. Remoteness
13. Tense and subordination
14. Interaction between tense, negation, and expectation markings
15. References
111. Illocution, mood, and modality
1. Introduction
2. Illocution
3. Modality
4. Mood
5. Uncommon abbreviations
6. References
112. Interclausal relations
1. Introduction
2. Temporal relations
3. Switch-reference
4. Conditional
5. Cause/reason
6. Purpose
7. References
113. Negation
1. Introduction
2. Morphological representation
3. Morphemic distinctions
4. Affirmative-negative contrast
5. As a modal concept
6. References
114. Comparison and gradation
1. Preliminary notions
2. Comparative
3. Superlative
4. Equative
5. References
XV. Morphologische Typologie und Universalien /
Morphological typology and universals
115. Approaches to morphological typology
1. Introduction
2. Language and thought
3. The notion ‘morphological type’
4. Morphemes and categories
5. Head-marked vs. dependent-marked structure
6. Typology and evolution
7. References
116. Types of morphological structure
1. General remarks
2. The parts of speech
3. Inflection and derivation
4. References
117. Quantitative Typologie
1. Die quantitativen morphologischen Indizes von J. H. Greenberg
2. Zur Weiterentwicklung des Greenbergschen Ansatzes
3. Taxonomische morphologische Sprachklassifikation und Suche nach Zusammenhängen
4. Quantifizierung der Eigenschaften grammatischer Subsysteme
5. Zitierte Literatur
118. Cross-linguistic generalizations and their explanation
1. Classical morphological typology
2. Cross-linguistic generalizations in morphology
3. Explanations of cross-linguistic generalizations in morphology
4. References
XVI. Systeme morphologischer Struktur: Sprachskizzen / Systems of morphological structure: Illustrative sketches
119. English (Indo-European: Germanic)
1. Introduction
2. Morphological operations
3. Inflection
4. Derivation
5. Compounding
6. Cliticization
7. References
120. Deutsch (Indogermanisch: Germanisch)
1. Vorbemerkungen
2. Die Flexion der Nomina
3. Die Flexion der Verben
4. Wortbildung
5. Zitierte Literatur
121. Francais (Indo-européen: Roman)
1. Introduction
2. Types d’opérations de construction de mots: délimitation
3. Opérations dérivationnelles de construction de mots:
conditions d’application
4. Structures et sens des mots dérivationnellement construits
5. Conclusion
6. Références
122. Russisch (Indogermanisch: Slawisch)
1. Allgemeines zur russischen Sprache
2. Der morphologische Grundcharakter des Russischen
3. Die Wortarten als morphologisch ausgewiesene Größen
4. Grammatische Morphologie
5. Wortbildungsmorphologie
6. Grammatische Morphologie und Wortbildung in der Literatur
7. Zitierte Literatur
123. Altgriechisch (Indogermanisch)
1. Einleitung
2. Der morphologische Typ des Altgriechischen
3. Wortarten
4. Flexivisch ausgedrückte Kategorien des Nomens und Verbs
5. Morphologische Prozesse; Homonymie
6. Flexion des Nomens
7. Verbalflexion
8. Wortbildung
9. Illustrativer Text
10. Unübliche Abkürzungen
11. Zitierte Literatur
124. Finnish (Finno-Ugric)
1. Background
2. General characteristics of Finnish word structure
3. Parts of speech
4. Morphotactic structure and basic inflectional categories of nominals
5. Morphotactic structure and basic inflectional categories of finite verb-forms
6. Morphotactic structure and basic inflectional categories of nonfinite verb-forms
7. Clitics
8. Morphophonological alternations
9. Nominal inflectional types
10. Verbal inflectional types
11. Derivational morphology
12. Compounding
13. Morphological productivity and diachronic tendencies in the morphological system
14. Processing and acquisition of Finnish morphology
15. Illustrative text
16. Uncommon abbreviations
17. References
125. Hebrew (Semitic)
1. The Hebrew language
2. The Hebrew binyan system
3. The sign-oriented approach
4. The traditional approach
5. The analysis
6. The data
7. Summary and conclusions
8. Illustrative text
9. References
126. Türkisch (Turk)
1. Allgemeine Informationen
2. Agglutination und Allomorphie
3. Nominalflexion
4. Verbalmorphologie
5. Wortbildung
6. Illustrativer Text
7. Unübliche Abkürzungen
8. Zitierte Literatur
127. Hunzib (North-East Caucasian)
1. Introduction
2. Nouns
3. Adjectives and pronouns
4. Verbs
5. Illustrative Text
6. Uncommon abbreviations
7. References
128. Ketisch (Jenisseisch)
1. Allgemeine Information
2. Zur Phonologie
3. Allgemeines zur morphologischen Typologie
4. Das Verb
5. Das Substantiv
6. Das Pronomen
7. Andere Wortarten
8. Zur Wortbildung
9. Illustrativer Text
10. Unübliche Abkürzungen
11. Zitierte Literatur
129. West Greenlandic (Eskimo)
1. The language and its speakers
2. Major categories and processes
3. Morphophonology
4. Nominal inflection
5. Verbal inflection
6. Derivational morphology
7. Enclitics
8. Illustrative text
9. Uncommon abbreviations
10. References
130. Koyukon (Athapaskan)
1. The language and its speakers
2. Major categories and processes
3. The structure of the verbal expression
4. Nominal expressions
5. Directionals
6. Illustrative text
7. Uncommon abbreviations
8. References
131. Montagnais/Innu-aimun (Algonquian)
1. Introduction
2. Montagnais lexical classes
3. Semantic categories encoded by Montagnais morphology
4. Formal processes
5. Inflection
6. Word formation
7. Conclusion
8. Illustrative text
9. Uncommon abbreviations
10. References
132. Guaraní (Tupi-Guaraní)
1. Preliminaries
2. Inflectional morphology
3. Derivational morphology
4. Word classes
5. Illustrative text
6. Uncommon abbreviations
7. References
133. Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan)
1. The Nahuatl language
2. Word classes and the ‘omnipredicative’ parameter
3. Verb morphology
4. Noun morphology
5. Locative morphology
6. Derivation
7. Composition
8. Illustrative text
9. Uncommon abbreviations
10. References
134. Quechua (Quechua)
1. General facts on Quechua
2. Typological features
3. Word-classes
4. Personal reference
5. Pluralization
6. Tense and mood
7. Nominalization
8. Subordination
9. Other verbal affixes
10. Case and other nominal affixes
11. Independent suffixes
12. Contact phenomena
13. Illustrative texts
14. Uncommon abbreviations
15. References
135. Yagua (Peba-Yaguan)
1. Introduction
2. Morphological typology
3. Word classes
4. Morphology of nouns
5. Morphology of verbs
6. Illustrative text
7. Uncommon abbreviations
8. References
136. Tagalog (Austronesian)
1. Introduction
2. Morphosyntax and parts of speech
3. Formal processes
4. Voice, aspect, and mood
5. Actor involvement
6. Illustrative text
7. Uncommon abbreviations
8. References
137. Diyari (Pama-Nyungan)
1. Introduction
2. Morphological type
3. Parts of speech
4. Nominal morphology
5. Pronoun morphology
6. Verb morphology
7. Predicate determiner morphology
8. Particles
9. Post-inflectional morphology
10. Illustrative text
11. Uncommon abbreviations
12. References
138. Wambon (Awyu)
1. Introduction
2. Verbs
3. Nouns
4. Pronouns
5. Adjectives
6. Demonstratives
7. Numerals
8. Adverbs
9. Nominal case suffixes
10. Connectives
11. Concluding remarks
12. Illustrative text
13. Uncommon abbreviations
14. References
139. Turkana (Nilotic)
1. The verb
2. The noun and other categories
3. Category shift
4. The morphology-phonology interface
5. The morphology-syntax interface
6. Illustrative text
7. Uncommon abbreviations
8. References
140. Twi (Kwa)
1. Sprachgebiet, Forschungsstand und soziolinguistische Angaben
2. Typologischer Charakter
3. Silben- und Morphemstruktur
4. Wortarten
5. Wortbildung
6. Illustrativer Text
7. Unübliche Abkürzungen
8. Zitierte Literatur
141. Kinyarwanda (Bantu)
1. Introduction
2. Noun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Unclassified categories
6. Tones
7. Reduplication
8. Problems in Kinyarwanda morphology
9. Illustrative text
10. Uncommon abbreviations
11. References
142. Vietnamesisch (Viet-Muong)
1. Allgemeine Angaben
2. Abgeleitetes Wort
3. Zusammengesetztes Wort
4. Reduplikation
5. Iteration
6. Von der syntaktischen Fügung zum Wort
7. Wortklassen
8. Illustrativer Text
9. Zitierte Literatur
143. Deutsche Gebärdensprache
1. Einleitung
2. Problem der Entwicklung von Beschreibungskategorien
3. Aspekte der Morphologie in Gebärdensprachen
4. Modell der Morphologie der Bewegungsverben
5. Serialverb-Konstruktionen
6. Gegenpositionen
7. Weiterentwicklung
8. Zitierte Literatur
144. Plansprachen
1. Zum Begriff “Plansprache”
2. Volapük, Esperanto und Interlingua
3. Herkunft der Morpheme
4. Wortbildung
5. Grammatische Kategorien und Paradigmen
6. Linguistische Bedeutung
7. Illustrative Texte
8. Zitierte Literatur
XVII. Morphologischer Wandel I: Theoretische Probleme / Morphological change I: Fundamental issues
145. Fundamental concepts
1. Introduction
2. Processes of language acquisition and language use
3. Morphological change proper
4. Morphologization
5. Morphological changes due to extragrammatical forces
6. Morphology and contact-induced change
7. Conclusions
8. Uncommon abbreviations
9. References
146. Grammaticalization: from syntax to morphology
1. Introduction
2. An overview of grammaticalization
3. The process of grammaticalization
4. Uncommon abbreviations
5. References
147. Morphologisierung: von der Phonologie zur Morphologie
1. Was ist Morphologisierung?
2. Zur Geschichte des Konzepts
3. Parameter der Morphologisierung
4. Zitierte Literatur
148. Analogical change
1. Introduction
2. Definition and exemplification
3. Previous analyses
4. Optimality Theory
5. Conclusion
6. References
149. Remotivation and reinterpretation
1. Characterization of the phenomena and definition of terms
2. Subclassifications and typical examples
3. Causes and hindering factors of secondary motivation
4. Effects of secondary motivation
5. Different approaches to secondary motivation
6. References
150. Lexicalization and demotivation
1. Terminology
2. Lexicalization
3. Demotivation
4. References
151. Change in productivity
1. Introduction
2. Types of changes in productivity
3. Synchronic vs. diachronic productivity
4. Linguistic factors affecting the productivity of bases
5. References
152. Morphologische Entlehnung und Lehnübersetzung
1. Zum Gegenstandsbereich
2. Die außersprachlichen Bedingungen für Interferenz
3. Grundtypen der Interferenz
4. Gliederung der Phänomene
5. Zitierte Literatur
153. Pidginization, creolization, and language death
1. Introduction
2. Reduction processes: pidginization and language death
3. Expansion processes: creolization
4. References
154. Morphological reconstruction
1. Introduction: basic questions and methods
2. Reconstruction: The first steps
3. Further guiding principles
4. Going beyond simple reconstruction of forms
5. Pushing the limits: reconstructed states as real languages
6. Conclusion
7. References
XVIII. Morphologischer Wandel II: Fallstudien /
Morphological change II: Case studies
155. From Old English to Modern English
1. Introductory remarks
2. Inflection
3. Word-formation
4. References
156. Vom Althochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen
1. Periodisierung der deutschen Sprachgeschichte
2. Synchrone Heterogenität und historische Homogenität
3. Forschungsgeschichte
4. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Grundzüge
5. Flexion
6. Wortbildung
7. Zitierte Literatur
157. From Latin to French
1. Introduction
2. Inflection
3. Word-formation
4. References
158. From Vedic to modern Indic languages
1. Introduction
2. Old Indo-Aryan
3. Middle Indo-Aryan
4. New Indo-Aryan
5. Transliteration and transcription
6. References
159. From Archaic Chinese to Mandarin
1. Introduction
2. Affixation in Old Chinese
3. Prosodic alternation - Type A
and B syllables
4. Syllabic prefixes and suffixes in Old Chinese
5. Reduplication
6. Compounding
7. New flectional suffixes
8. New derivational affixes
9. References
160. From Classical Arabic to the modern Arabic vernaculars
1. History of the Arabic language
2. Morphology of the verb
3. Morphology of the noun
4. Demonstratives and interrogatives
5. Pidginization and creolization in Arabic
6. References
161. Tok Pisin
1. Pidgins and development
2. Historical background
3. History of research
4. Documentation
5. Internal history of Tok Pisin word formation
6. Theoretical consequences
7. References
XIX. Psycholinguistische Perspektiven /
Psycholinguistic perspectives
162. Mentale Repräsentation morphologischer Strukturen
1. Mentale Repräsentationen
2. Das mentale Lexikon und das Lexikon der Grammatik
3. Beobachtungsbereiche und Forschungsmethoden
4. Einige Grundprobleme der Forschung
5. Zitierte Literatur
163. Speech production and perception
1. Introduction
2. Processing models
3. History of the question
4. Important variables
5. Sources of evidence
6. Results of empirical studies
7. Conclusion
8. References
164. Speech errors
1. Introduction
2. Speech errors and linguistic theory
3. The structure of the lexicon
4. Rules and accommodations
5. Conclusion
6. References
165. First language acquisition
1. Acquiring morphology
2. Inflection
3. Derivation
4. Summary
5. References
166. Second language acquisition
1. Morpheme-acquisition order
2. Inherent inflectional morphology
3. Contextual inflection
4. Case marking
5. Derivation
6. Compounding
7. References
167. Sprachstörungen
1. Einleitung
2. Aphasie
3. Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten
4. Zitierte Literatur
XX. Morphologie in der Praxis /
Morphology in practice
168. Field work
1. Introduction
2. Getting to the language
3. Collecting the data
4. Identifying the meaning
5. Resistant problems
6. Technical helps
7. References
169. Interlinear morphemic glossing
1. Basic concepts
2. Prerequisites of morphological analysis
3. Principles of interlinear glossing
4. Boundary symbols
5. Typographic conventions
6. Summary
7. References
170. Grammaticography
1. General problems
2. Grammaticographic problems in morphology
3. Structure of a grammar
4. Descriptive devices
5. References
171. Lexicography
1. Morphology in dictionaries
2. Morphological models
3. Morphology and lexicography
4. References
172. Computational linguistics
1. Computational linguistics
2. Models of morphology in computational linguistics
3. Morphology in language technology
4. Morphology learning
5. Morphology tools for linguists
6. References
XXI. Morphologie und Nachbardisziplinen /
Morphology and related fields
173. Namenkunde
1. Eigennamen und ihre Funktionen
2. Interne onymische Morphologie
3. Externe onymische Morphologie
4. Zitierte Literatur
174. Etymologie
1. Was ist Etymologie?
2. Etymologie und Wortbildungslehre
3. Etymologie und Wortgeschichte
4. Die Wortprägung
5. Theoretische Voraussetzungen
6. Erschließungsmethoden
7. Zitierte Literatur
175. Schriftsysteme
1. Sprachsystem und Schriftsystem
2. Morphologische Aspekte in logographischen Schriftsystemen
3. Morphologische Aspekte in phonographischen Schriftsystemen
4. Zum Parameter der “Tiefe”
5. Zitierte Literatur
176. Terminology in special languages
1. Introduction
2. What are ‘special languages’?
3. The lexicon in special languages
4. Term formation: morphological trends
5. Standardisation in term formation
6. Appendix
7. References
177. Sprachunterricht
1. Eingrenzung des komplexen Themas
2. Konzepte für das Lehren und Lernen einer Sprache
3. Konzepte pädagogischer Grammatiken für den
Fremdsprachenunterricht
4. Grammatik im muttersprachlichen Unterricht
5. Zitierte Literatur
Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen / List of Abbreviations
1. Deutsch
2. English
Sprachenkarten /
Language maps
1. Afrika/Africa
2. Australien/Australia
3. Europa und Nahost/Europe and Near East
4. Nordasien/North Asia
5. Nordamerika/North America
6. Südamerika/South America
7. Südostasien/South East Asia
Namenregister / Index of names
Sprachenregister / Index of languages
Sachregister / Index of subjects