Monitoring the antigenic evolution of human influenza A viruses to understand how and when viruses escape from existing immunity

Antigenic and genetic variation in the h

Antigenic and genetic variation in the hemagglutinins of H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza a viruses in the Shanghai area from 2005 to 2008

✍ Xiao-wei Ren; Li-wen Ju; Ji-xing Yang; Xi-hong Lv; Lu-fang Jiang; Nai-qing Zhao; 📂 Article 📅 2011 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 231 KB 👁 1 views

## Abstract Continued rapid evolution of the influenza A virus is responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics in the Shanghai area. In the present study, the representative strains of A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza viruses isolated in the Shanghai area from 2005 to 2008 were antigenicall