Molecular activation energies (Δμ*2) of L-lysine, L-tyrosine, L-proline, DL-alanine, glycerol, orcinol, iodine, DTAB, and TMSOI for blending with melamine-formaldehyde-polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer resin illustrated with SEM
✍ Scribed by Man Singh; Vinod Kumar; R. K. Kale; C. L. Jain
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2010
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 362 KB
- Volume
- 118
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0021-8995
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✦ Synopsis
Efficient molecular mixing together is a key precondition for industrial exploitation of individual macromolecules for potential product development and quality assurance with resource saving mechanism. Conceptually, MFP (melamine-formaldehyde-polyvinylpyrrolidone) polymer resin was mixed with amino acids (L-lysine, L-tyrosine, L-proline, DL-alanine), nonionic surfactants (glycerol, orcinol), iodine as metal and cationic surfactants (DTAB, TMSOI) as dispersants, in 4 : 1 ratio, w/w. A mutual molecular dispersion occurs at a cost of molecular activities with utilization of a sufficient amount of activation energies. The activation energies ( Dl* 2 , kJ mol À1 ) were derived from intrinsic viscosities ([g], kg/L) and partial molar volumes (V 2 , 10 À6 m 3 /mol), which were calculated from experimental data of viscosities (g, N s m À2 ) and apparent molar volumes (V 2 , 10 À6 m 3 /mol) of 0.005, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.0011 g/ mL aqueous samples of the dispersants at 304.15 K. The lim-iting data were fitted to standard activation energy equations and were analyzed to assess potential of their micromixing. Densities (q/10 3 kg m À3 ) for apparent molar volume (V 2 /10 À6 m 3 mol À1 ) and viscosity (g, 0.1N, s m À2 ¼ 0.1 kg m À1 s À1 , ¼ 1 poise, SI unit) were also measured with weight method. The Dl* 2 < 0, in arrange of À48.35 to À118.03 kJ/mol were noted that inferred effective micromixing evidenced with SEM images of the blends. The Dl* 2 , kJ mol À1 data are as glycerol (À118.03) > TMSOI (À117.55) > DTAB (À102.93) > orcinol (À101.54) > MFP-R (À93.71) > iodine (À59.32) > L-proline (À59.27) > L-lysine (À55.87) > DL-alanine (À55.04) > L-tyrosine (À53.04) > water (À48.35) orders with maximum utilization of Dl* 2 , glycerol. V