Modulation and Coding Techniques in Wireless Communications

✍ Scribed by Sergei Semenov, Evgenii Krouk

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 682
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The high level of technical detail included in standards specifications can make it difficult to find the correlation between the standard specifications and the theoretical results. This book aims to cover both of these elements to give accessible information and support to readers. It explains the current and future trends on communication theory and shows how these developments are implemented in contemporary wireless communication standards.Examining modulation, coding and multiple access techniques, the book is divided into two major sections to cover these functions. The two-stage approach first treats the basics of modulation and coding theory before highlighting how these concepts are defined and implemented in modern wireless communication systems. Part 1 is devoted to the presentation of main L1 procedures and methods including modulation, coding, channel equalization and multiple access techniques. In Part 2, the uses of these procedures and methods in the wide range of wireless communication standards including WLAN, WiMax, WCDMA, HSPA, LTE and cdma2000 are considered.An essential study of the implementation of modulation and coding techniques in modern standards of wireless communication Bridges the gap between the modulation coding theory and the wireless communications standards material Divided into two parts to systematically tackle the topic - the first part develops techniques which are then applied and tailored to real world systems in the second part Covers special aspects of coding theory and how these can be effectively applied to improve the performance of wireless communications systems

✦ Table of Contents

MODULATION AND
CODING TECHNIQUES
IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
About the Editors......Page 13
List of Contributors......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Introduction......Page 19
1.1 Principles of Reliable Communication......Page 21
1.2.1 Baseband Representation of AWGN......Page 22
1.2.2 From Sample SNR to Eb/N0......Page 25
1.3 Fading Processes in Wireless Communication Channels......Page 26
1.3.1 Large-Scale Fading (Path Loss)......Page 27
1.3.2 Medium-Scale Fading (Shadowing)......Page 30
1.3.3 Small-Scale Fading (Multipath Propagation)......Page 31
1.4.1 Rayleigh and Rice Distributions......Page 34
1.4.4 Rayleigh and Rice Models for Frequency-Nonselective Fading......Page 35
1.4.5 SNR in Rayleigh Fading Channels......Page 37
1.5.1 Basic Principles......Page 38
References......Page 39
2.1 Basic Principles of Bandpass Modulation......Page 41
2.1.1 The Complex Representation of a Bandpass Signal......Page 42
2.1.2 Representation of Signal with Basis Functions......Page 47
2.1.3 Pulse Shaping......Page 51
2.1.4 Matched Filter......Page 55
2.2.1 BPSK......Page 58
2.2.2 QPSK......Page 63
2.2.3 M-PSK......Page 67
2.2.4 DPSK......Page 68
2.2.5 OQPSK......Page 70
2.2.6 /4-QPSK......Page 71
2.3.1 GMSK......Page 74
2.4 QAM......Page 80
2.5 OFDM......Page 86
References......Page 101
3.1 Main Definitions......Page 103
3.2 Algebraic Structures......Page 106
3.3 Linear Block Codes......Page 114
3.4 Cyclic Codes......Page 118
3.5 Bounds on Minimum Distance......Page 134
3.6 Minimum Distance Decoding......Page 139
3.7 Information Set Decoding......Page 140
3.8 Hamming Codes......Page 148
3.9 Reed-Solomon Codes......Page 151
3.10 BCH Codes......Page 153
3.11 Decoding of BCH Codes......Page 155
3.12 Sudan Algorithm and Its Extensions......Page 159
3.13 LDPC Codes......Page 166
3.13.1 LDPC Constructions......Page 168
3.13.2 Decoding of LDPC Codes......Page 174
References......Page 177
4.1 Convolutional Codes Representation and Encoding......Page 181
4.2 Viterbi Decoding Algorithm......Page 189
4.2.1 Hard Decision Viterbi Algorithm......Page 190
4.2.2 Soft Decision Viterbi Algorithm......Page 194
4.4 Upper Bound on Bit Error Probability for Viterbi Decoding......Page 198
4.5 Sequential Decoding......Page 203
4.5.1 Stack Algorithm......Page 204
4.5.2 Fano Algorithm......Page 207
4.6 Parallel-Concatenated Convolutional Codes and Soft Input Soft Output Decoding......Page 210
4.7.1 MAP Algorithm and Its Variants......Page 215
4.7.2 Soft-In/Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA)......Page 221
References......Page 225
4.A Modified Chernoff Bound and Some Applications......Page 226
References......Page 239
5 Equalization......Page 241
5.1 Equalization with Filtering......Page 242
5.1.1 Zero-Forcing Equalization......Page 246
5.1.2 MMSE Equalization......Page 248
5.1.3 DFE......Page 253
5.2.1 MLSE Equalization......Page 259
5.2.2 Sphere Detection......Page 262
5.3 RAKE Receiver......Page 271
5.4 Turbo Equalization......Page 274
5.5 Performance Comparison......Page 279
References......Page 281
6.1.1 Basic Concepts......Page 283
6.1.2 Stop-and-Wait ARQ......Page 285
6.1.3 ARQ with N Steps Back (Go Back N, GBN)......Page 287
6.1.4 ARQ with Selective Repeat (SR)......Page 288
6.2.1 Type-I Hybrid ARQ (Chase Combining)......Page 289
6.2.2 Type-II Hybrid ARQ (Full IR)......Page 290
6.2.3 Type-III Hybrid ARQ (Partial IR)......Page 293
References......Page 295
7.1 Principle of Coded Modulation......Page 297
7.1.1 Illustrative Example......Page 300
7.2 Modulation Mapping by Signal Set Partitioning......Page 302
7.3 Ungerboeck Codes......Page 305
7.4.1 Squared Distance Structure of PSK and QAM Constellations......Page 307
7.4.2 Upper Bound on Error Event Probability and Bit Error Probability for TCM......Page 309
References......Page 319
8.1.1 Fading in Narrowband Channels......Page 321
8.1.2 Fading Countermeasures: Diversity......Page 323
8.1.3 MIMO Channel model......Page 326
8.2.1 Maximum Ratio Combining......Page 330
8.2.2 Definition of Space-Time Codes......Page 331
8.2.3 Space-Time Codes with Two Transmitting Antennas......Page 332
8.2.4 Construction Criteria for Space-Time Codes......Page 334
8.3.1 Real Orthogonal Designs......Page 337
8.3.2 Complex Orthogonal Designs......Page 339
8.3.3 Decoding of Space-Time Codes......Page 343
8.3.4 Error Probability for Orthogonal Space-Time Codes......Page 346
8.4.1 Space-Time Trellis Codes......Page 347
8.4.2 Space-Time Turbo Trellis Codes......Page 350
8.5 Differential Space-Time Codes......Page 354
8.6.1 General Concepts......Page 357
8.6.2 V-BLAST......Page 359
8.6.3 D-BLAST......Page 361
8.6.4 Turbo-BLAST......Page 362
8.7 Beamforming......Page 364
References......Page 368
9 Multiple Access Methods......Page 371
9.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access......Page 373
9.1.1 Spectral Reuse......Page 375
9.1.2 OFDMA......Page 376
9.1.3 SC-FDMA......Page 378
9.2 Time Division Multiple Access......Page 379
9.3.1 Direct-Sequence CDMA......Page 380
9.3.2 Frequency-Hopping CDMA......Page 386
9.4.1 Multicarrier CDMA......Page 387
9.4.2 Random OFDMA......Page 388
9.4.3 DHA-FH-CDMA......Page 389
9.5 Random Access Multiple Access Methods......Page 391
References......Page 396
10.1 IEEE Overview......Page 401
10.2 Standard Development Process......Page 404
10.3 IEEE 802.11 Working Group......Page 405
10.4 IEEE 802.16 Working Group......Page 406
10.5.2 Frequency Plan......Page 408
10.5.3 Reference Model......Page 409
10.5.4 Architecture......Page 410
10.5.5 802.11a......Page 411
10.5.6 802.11b......Page 412
10.5.7 802.11g......Page 414
10.5.8 802.11n......Page 415
10.5.9 Future Developments......Page 417
10.6.1 Key PHY Features of the IEEE 802.16e......Page 418
10.6.2 IEEE 802.16m......Page 420
References......Page 448
11.1.1 General......Page 449
11.1.3 Organization of TSG RAN......Page 450
11.1.4 Standardization Process......Page 451
11.1.5 3GPP Releases......Page 452
11.2 3G WCDMA......Page 453
11.2.1 WCDMA Concept Logical, Transport and Physical Channels......Page 454
11.2.2 Logical and Transport Channels......Page 455
11.2.3 Physical Channels......Page 460
11.2.4 Coding, Spreading and Modulation......Page 479
11.2.6 Power Control Procedures......Page 496
11.2.7 Handover Procedures......Page 499
11.2.8 Transmit Diversity......Page 506
11.3.1 HSDPA......Page 510
11.3.2 HSUPA......Page 556
11.3.3 CPC......Page 594
11.4.1 LTE Downlink......Page 597
11.4.2 LTE Uplink......Page 612
References......Page 622
12.1.1 IS-95 Family of Standards (cdmaOne)......Page 625
12.1.2 IS-2000 Family of Standards......Page 626
12.2.1 Reverse Channel Structure......Page 631
12.2.2 Forward Error Correction (FEC)......Page 632
12.2.3 Codeword Symbols Repetition......Page 635
12.2.5 Block Interleaving......Page 638
12.2.7 Direct Sequence Spreading and Quadrature Spreading......Page 639
12.2.8 Frame Quality Indicator......Page 642
12.3.1 Forward Channel Structure......Page 643
12.3.2 Forward Error Correction......Page 645
12.3.3 Codeword Symbols Repetition......Page 649
12.3.7 Data Scrambling......Page 650
12.4 Architecture Model of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Standard......Page 651
12.4.2 FCS Computation......Page 652
12.5.2 Reverse Channel Structure......Page 653
12.5.4 Access Channel......Page 654
12.5.5 Reverse Traffic Channel......Page 656
12.5.6 Encoding......Page 660
12.5.8 Quadrature Spreading......Page 661
12.6.1 Forward Channel Structure......Page 663
12.6.4 Forward MAC Channel......Page 665
12.6.6 Forward Traffic Channel......Page 667
12.6.8 Quadrature Spreading......Page 671
References......Page 674
Index......Page 675

✦ Subjects

Информатика и вычислительная техника;Теория информации и корректирующие коды;