Modern Power Systems Analysis

✍ Scribed by Kothari D.P., Nagrath I.J.

• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 354
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

1. , third edition, 694 pages. A lot of worked-out examples, including MATLAB codes.
   Note: Book obtained as a kind gift of Raj (user Raj).
   Preface to the Third Edition
   Since the appearance of the second edition in 1989, the overall energy situation has changed considerably and this has generated great interest in non-conventional and renewable energy sources, energy conservation and management, power reforms and restructuring and distributed and dispersed generation. Chapter 1 has been therefore, enlarged and completely rewritten. In addition, the influences of environmental constraints are also discussed.
   The present edition, like the earlier two, is designed for a two-semester course at the undergraduate level or for first-semester post-graduate study.
   Modern power systems have grown larger and spread over larger geographical area with many interconnections between neighbouring systems. Optimal planning, operation and control of such large-scale systems require advanced computer-based techniques many of which are explained in the student-oriented and reader-friendly manner by means of numerical examples throughout this book. Electric utility engineers will also be benefitted by the book as it will prepare them more adequately to face the new challenges. The style of writing is amenable to self-study. The wide range of topics facilitates versatile selection of chapters and sections for completion in the semester time frame.
   Highlights of this edition are the five new chapters. Chapter 13 deals with power system security. Contingency analysis and sensitivity factors are described. An analytical framework is developed to control bulk power systems in such a way that security is enhanced. Everything seems to have a propensity to fail. Power systems are no exception. Power system security practices try to control and operate power systems in a defensive posture so that the effects of these inevitable failures are minimized.
   Chapter 14 is an introduction to the use of state estimation in electric power systems. We have selected Least Squares Estimation to give basic solution. External system equivalencing and treatment of bad data are also discussed.
   The economics of power transmission has always lured the planners to transmit as much power as possible through existing transmission lines. Difficulty of acquiring the right of way for new lines (the corridor crisis) has always motivated the power engineers to develop compensatory systems. Therefore, Chapter 15 addresses compensation in power systems. Both series and shunt compensation of lines have been thoroughly discussed. Concepts of SVS, STATCOM and FACTS have-been briefly introduced.
   Chapter 16 covers the important topic of load forecasting technique. Knowing load is absolutely essential for solving any power system problem.
   Chapter 17 deals with the important problem of voltage stability. Mathematical formulation, analysis, state-of-art, future trends and challenges are discussed.
   MATLAB and SIMULINK, ideal programs for power system analysis are included in this book as an appendix along with 18 solved examples illustrating their use in solving representative power system problems. The help rendered by Shri Sunil Bhat of VNIT, Nagpur in writing this appendix is thankfully acknowledged.
   Tata McGraw-Hill and the authors would like to thank the following reviewers of this edition: Prof. J.D. Sharma, ИТ Roorkee; Prof. S.N. Tiwari, MNNIT Allahabad; Dr. M.R. Mohan, Anna University, Chennai; Prof. M.K. Deshmukh, BITS, Pilani; Dr. H.R. Seedhar, PEC, Chandigarh; Prof. P.R. Bijwe and Dr. Sanjay Roy, ИТ Delhi.
   While revising the text, we have had the benefit of valuable advice and suggestions from many professors, students and practising engineers who used the earlier editions of this book. All these individuals have influenced this edition. We express our thanks and appreciation to them. We hope this support/ response would continue in the future also.
   Contents:
   Preface to Third Edition
   Preface to First Edition
   ntroduction
   A Perspective
   Structure of Power Systems
   Conventional Sources of Electric Energy
   Renewable Energy Sources
   Energy Storage
   Growth of Power Systems in India
   Energy Conservation
   Deregulation
   Distributed and Dispersed Generation
   Environmental Aspects of Electric Energy Generation
   Power System Engineers and Power System Studies
   Use of Computers and Microprocessors
   Problems Facing Indian Power Industry and its Choices
   References
   Inductance and Resistance of Transmission Lines
   ntroduction
   Definition of Inductance
   Flux Linkages of an Isolated Current-Carrying Conductor
   nductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire Line
   Conductor Types
   Flux Linkages of one Conductor in a Group
   nductance of Composite Conductor Lines
   nductance of Three-Phase Lines
   Double-Circuit Three-Phase Lines
   Bundled Conductors
   Resistance
   Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
   Problems
   References
   Capacitance of Transmission Lines
   ntroduction
   Electric Field of a Long Straight Conductor
   Potential Difference between two Conductors of a Group of Parallel Conductors
   Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
   Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing
   З.6 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing
   Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance
   Method of GMD (Modified)
   Bundled Conductors
   Problems
   References
   Representation of Power System Components
   ntroduction
   Single-phase Solution of Balanced Three-phase Networks
   One-Line Diagram and Impedance or Reactance Diagram
   Per Unit (PU) System
   Complex Power
   Synchronous Machine
   Representation of Loads
   Problems
   References
   Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
   ntroduction
   Short Transmission Line
   Medium Transmission Line
   The Long Transmission Line – Rigorous Solution
   nterpretation of the Long Line Equations
   Ferranti Effect
   Tuned Power Lines
   The Equivalent Circuit of a Long Line
   Power Flow through a Transmission Line
   Methods of Voltage Control
   Problems
   References
   Load Flow Studies
   ntroduction
   Network Model Formulation
   Formation of YBm by Singular Transformation
   Load Flow Problem
   Gauss-Seidel Method
   Newton-Raphson (NR) Method
   Decoupled Load Flow Methods
   Comparison of Load Flow Methods
   Control of Voltage Profile
   Problems
   Optimal System Operation
   ntroduction
   Optimal Operation of Generators on a Bus Bar
   Optimal Unit Commitment (UC)
   Reliability Considerations
   Optimum Generation Scheduling
   Optimal Load Flow Solution
   Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal System
   Problems
   References
   Automatic Generation and Voltage Control
   ntroduction
   Load Frequency Control (Single Area Case)
   Load Frequency Control and Economic Dispatch Control
   Two-Area Load Frequency Control
   Optimal (Two-Area) Load Frequency Control
   Automatic Voltage Control
   Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs)
   Speed Governor Dead-Band and Its Effect on AGC
   Digital LF Controllers
   Decentralized Control
   Problems
   References
   Symmetrical Fault Analysis
   ntroduction
   Transient on a Transmission Line
   Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine (On No Load)
   Short Circuit of a Loaded Synchronous Machine
   Selection of Circuit Breakers
   ' Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
   ZBUS Formulation
   Problems
   References
   Symmetrical Components
   ntroduction
   Symmetrical Component Transformation
   Phase Shift in Star-Delta Transformers
   Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
   Sequence Impedances and Sequence Network of Power System
   Sequence Impedances and Networks of Sуnchronous Machine
   Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
   Sequence Impedances and Networks of Transformers
   Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
   Problems
   References
   Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
   ntroduction
   Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults
   Single Line-To-Ground (LG) Fault
   Line-To-Line (LL) Fault
   Double Line-To-Ground (LLG) Fault
   Open Conductor Faults
   Bus Impedance Matrix Method For Analysis of Unsymmetrical Shunt Faults
   Problems
   References
   Power System Stability
   ntroduction
   Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
   Power Angle Equation
   A Node Elimination Technique
   Simple Systems
   Steady State Stability
   Transient Stability
   Equal Area Criterion
   Numerical Solution of Swing Equation
   Multimachine Stability
   Some Factors Affeeting Transient Stability
   Problems
   References
   Power System Security
   ntroduction
   System State Classification
   Security Analysis
   Contingency Analysis
   Sensitivity Factors
   Power System Voltage Stability
   References
   An Introduction to State Estimation of Power Systems
   ntroduction
   Least Squares Estimation: The Basic Solution
   Static State Estimation of Power Systems
   Tracking State Estimation of Power Systems
   Some Computational Considerations
   External System Equivalencing
   Treatment of Bad Data
   Network Observability and Pseudo-Measurements
   Application of Power System State Estimation
   Problems
   References
   Compensation in Power Systems
   ntroduction
   Loading Capability
   Load Compensation
   Line Compensation
   Series Compensation
   Shunt Compensators
   Comparison between STATCOM and SVC
   Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
   Principle and Operation of Converters
   Facts Controllers
   References
   Load Forecasting Technique
   ntroduction
   Forecasting Methodology
   Estimation of Average and Trend Terms
   Estimation of Periodic Components
   Estimation of ys (k): Time Series Approach
   Estimation of Stochastic Component: Kalman Filtering Approach
   Long-Term Load Predictions Using Econometric Models
   Reactive Load Forecast
   References
   Voltage Stability
   ntroduction
   Comparison of Angle and Voltage Stability
   Reactive Power Flow and Voltage Collapse
   Mathematical Formulation of Voltage Stability Problem
   oltage Stability Analysis
   Prevention of Voltage Collapse
   State-of-the-Art, Future Trends and Challenges
   References
   Appendix A: Introduction to Vector and Matrix Algebra
   Appendix B: Generalized Circuit Constants
   Appendix C: Triangular Factorization and Optimal Ordering
   Appendix D: Elements of Power System Jacobian Matrix
   Appendix E: Kuhn-Tucker Theorem
   Appendix F: Real-time Computer Control of Power Systems
   Appendix G: Introduction to MATLAB and SIMULINK
   Answers to Problems
   Index

✦ Subjects

Топливно-энергетический комплекс;Электрические системы и сети